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The low odds of poor women with small business loans emerging from poverty: Critical social policy implications for Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Sara Rizvi Jafree
  • Humna Ahsan
  • Mudasir Mustafa

Abstract

The government of Pakistan has been relying on the microfinance industry to reduce poverty among poor women in Pakistan. Using a theoretical framework that argues for limiting the abilities and capacity of existing microfinance services, we empirically investigate the odds of poor women remaining in poverty despite microfinance loan provision. We collected data from four provinces in Pakistan and analyzed it using multivariate logistic regression. Three‐fourths of the 442 women respondents live below poverty lines and are unable to emerge from poverty due to factors such as: housing instability, food insecurity, lack of savings, insufficient loan size and high installment rates, lack of gender solidarity through group borrowing, and threats of domestic violence. Lack of health insurance and critical health problems such as infectious diseases, having suffered an injury, chronic ailments, and mental health challenges are also preventing poverty emergence. We conclude by recommending key social policy development agendas that need to be introduced by the state, in partnership with the microfinance sector, to support women borrowers and help them emerge from poverty. 巴基斯坦政府一直依靠小额信贷行业来减少巴基斯坦贫困妇女的贫困情况。通过使用一项主张限制当前小额信贷服务能力和规模的理论框架,我们从实证上调查了在提供小额信贷服务的情况下,贫困妇女仍然陷入贫困的可能性。我们收集了巴基斯坦4个省份的数据,并使用多元逻辑回归进行数据分析。442名女性受访者中,四分之三生活在贫困线以下并无法摆脱贫困,这归因于一系列因素,例如:住房不稳定性、粮食不安全、缺乏储蓄、贷款规模不足和分期付款率高、缺乏通过团体借贷实现性别团结、以及家庭暴力的威胁。阻碍脱贫的因素还包括缺乏健康保险和患有传染病、受伤、慢性病和心理健康挑战等严重健康问题。最后,我们建议,国家需要与小额信贷部门合作推出关键的社会政策发展议程,以支持妇女借款人并帮助其摆脱贫困。 El gobierno de Pakistán ha estado confiando en la industria de las microfinanzas para reducir la pobreza entre las mujeres pobres en Pakistán. Usando un marco teórico que argumenta a favor de limitar las habilidades y la capacidad de los servicios de microfinanzas existentes, investigamos empíricamente las probabilidades de que las mujeres pobres permanezcan en la pobreza a pesar de la provisión de préstamos de microfinanzas. Recopilamos datos de 4 provincias de Pakistán y los analizamos mediante regresión logística multivariada. Tres cuartas partes de las 442 mujeres encuestadas viven por debajo del umbral de la pobreza y no pueden salir de la pobreza debido a factores tales como: inestabilidad de la vivienda, inseguridad alimentaria, falta de ahorros, tamaño de préstamo insuficiente y altas tasas de interés, falta de solidaridad de género a través de préstamos grupales. y amenazas de violencia doméstica. La falta de seguro médico y los problemas de salud críticos como las enfermedades infecciosas, haber sufrido una lesión, las dolencias crónicas y los problemas de salud mental también impiden el surgimiento de la pobreza. Concluimos recomendando agendas clave de desarrollo de políticas sociales que deben ser introducidas por el estado, en asociación con el sector de las microfinanzas, para apoyar a las mujeres prestatarias y ayudarlas a salir de la pobreza.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Rizvi Jafree & Humna Ahsan & Mudasir Mustafa, 2023. "The low odds of poor women with small business loans emerging from poverty: Critical social policy implications for Pakistan," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(3), pages 308-331, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:308-331
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.380
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Agier, Isabelle & Szafarz, Ariane, 2013. "Microfinance and Gender: Is There a Glass Ceiling on Loan Size?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 165-181.
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