Alternative approaches to flood mitigation: a case study of Bangladesh

Floods were by far the most damaging type of natural disasters during the 1990s, in terms of both human impacts and socio‐economic losses. Vulnerability to flooding disasters around the world is almost always differentiated by the socio‐economic conditions of different income groups in the disaster area. In general, the poorer the income group (or the country) the more vulnerable it is likely to be to the adverse impacts of floods. The article argues that Bangladesh is the world's most flood‐prone developing country in terms of the relative socio‐economic impacts of floods. While conventional flood control strategies tend to be based on structural engineering approaches—such as the construction of large‐scale embankments, diversion canals and dams—this article argues that more emphasis should be given to alternative, non‐structural measures. The main lesson from recent flooding disasters in Bangladesh is that, in the absence of expensive structural measures, many non‐structural ones can go a long way towards reducing vulnerability to and mitigating the impacts of floods.