IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/coacre/v38y2021i1p770-792.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of Humanizing Robo‐Advisors on Investor Judgments

Author

Listed:
  • Frank D. Hodge
  • Kim I. Mendoza
  • Roshan K. Sinha

Abstract

We examine the effect of humanizing (naming) robo‐advisors on investor judgments, which has taken on increased importance as robo‐advisors have become increasingly common and there is currently little SEC regulation governing key aspects of their use. In our first experiment, we predict and find that investors are more likely to rely on the investment recommendation of an unnamed robo‐advisor, whereas they are more likely to rely on the investment recommendation of a named human advisor. Theory suggests one reason that naming a robo‐advisor may have drawbacks pertains to the complexity of the task the robo‐advisor performs. We explore the importance of task complexity in our second experiment. We predict and find that investors are less likely to rely on a named robo‐advisor when the advisor is perceived to be performing a relatively complex task, consistent with our first experiment, and more likely to rely on a named robo‐advisor when the advisor is perceived to be performing a relatively simple task, consistent with prior research on human‐computer interactions. Our findings contribute to the literature examining how technology influences the acquisition and use of financial information and the general literature on human‐computer interactions. Our study also addresses a call by the SEC to learn more about robo‐advisors. Lastly, our study has practical implications for wealth management firms by demonstrating the potentially negative effects of making robo‐advisors more humanlike in an attempt to engage and attract users. L'incidence de l'humanisation des robots‐conseillers sur les jugements des investisseurs Les auteurs étudient l'incidence de l'humanisation (la dénomination) des robots‐conseillers sur les jugements des investisseurs, un sujet dont l'importance croît, compte tenu de la multiplication des robots‐conseillers et du peu de réglementation à laquelle la SEC soumet actuellement les principaux aspects de leur utilisation. Dans une première expérience, les auteurs formulent et confirment l'hypothèse selon laquelle les investisseurs sont davantage susceptibles de s'appuyer sur la recommandation de placement d'un robot‐conseiller sans dénomination, alors qu'ils sont davantage susceptibles de s'appuyer sur la recommandation de placement d'un humain désignée par son nom. La théorie laisse supposer que les inconvénients que peut présenter la dénomination d'un robot‐conseiller s'expliquent notamment par la complexité de la tâche accomplie par ce dernier. Les auteurs se penchent sur l'importance de la complexité de la tâche dans une seconde expérience. Ils formulent et confirment l'hypothèse selon laquelle les investisseurs sont moins susceptibles de s'appuyer sur la recommandation d'un robot‐conseiller désigné par un nom lorsqu’à leurs yeux, le conseiller accomplit une tâche relativement complexe, observation conforme aux résultats de la première expérience, et davantage susceptibles de s'appuyer sur la recommandation d'un robot‐conseiller portant un nom lorsqu’à leurs yeux, ce dernier accomplit une tâche relativement simple, observation conforme aux résultats d’études précédentes sur les interactions humain‐ordinateur. Les constats des auteurs viennent enrichir la documentation portant sur l'analyse de l'influence de la technologie sur l'acquisition et l'utilisation d'information financière de même que la documentation générale relative aux interactions humain‐ordinateur. Les auteurs traitent également de l'appel à l'approfondissement des connaissances au sujet des robots‐conseillers lancé par la SEC. Enfin, les résultats de l’étude ont des conséquences pratiques pour les sociétés de gestion de patrimoine, puisqu'ils nous renseignent sur les répercussions négatives potentielles de l'humanisation des robots‐conseillers afin de retenir l'attention et de susciter l'intérêt des utilisateurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank D. Hodge & Kim I. Mendoza & Roshan K. Sinha, 2021. "The Effect of Humanizing Robo‐Advisors on Investor Judgments," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(1), pages 770-792, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:770-792
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12641
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12641
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1911-3846.12641?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Viswanath Venkatesh, 2000. "Determinants of Perceived Ease of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivation, and Emotion into the Technology Acceptance Model," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 11(4), pages 342-365, December.
    2. Julia D. Hur & Minjung Koo & Wilhelm Hofmann, 2015. "When Temptations Come Alive: How Anthropomorphism Undermines Self-Control," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 42(2), pages 340-358.
    3. Friestad, Marian & Wright, Peter, 1994. "The Persuasion Knowledge Model: How People Cope with Persuasion Attempts," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 21(1), pages 1-31, June.
    4. Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2004. "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(4), pages 991-1013, September.
    5. Libby, Robert & Bloomfield, Robert & Nelson, Mark W., 2002. "Experimental research in financial accounting," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 27(8), pages 775-810, November.
    6. Jenni, Karen E & Loewenstein, George, 1997. "Explaining the "Identifiable Victim Effect."," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 235-257, May-June.
    7. Pankaj Aggarwal & Ann L. McGill, 2007. "Is That Car Smiling at Me? Schema Congruity as a Basis for Evaluating Anthropomorphized Products," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 34(4), pages 468-479, June.
    8. Raphael Silberzahn & Eric Luis Uhlmann, 2013. "It Pays to Be Herr Kaiser Germans With Noble-Sounding Surnames More Often Work as Managers Than as Employees," Post-Print hal-00980265, HAL.
    9. Blankespoor, Elizabeth & deHaan, Ed & Zhu, Christina, 2017. "Capital Market Effects of Media Synthesis and Dissemination: Evidence from Robo-Journalism," Research Papers 3490, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ibrahim Filiz & Jan René Judek & Marco Lorenz & Markus Spiwoks, 2022. "Algorithm Aversion as an Obstacle in the Establishment of Robo Advisors," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, August.
    2. Li, Emma & Mao, Mike Qinghao & Zhang, Hong Feng & Zheng, Hao, 2023. "Banks’ investments in fintech ventures," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Irina Heimbach & Oliver Hinz, 2018. "The Impact of Sharing Mechanism Design on Content Sharing in Online Social Networks," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(3), pages 592-611, September.
    2. Malgorzata Karpinska-Krakowiak & Lukasz Skowron & Lachezar Ivanov, 2020. "“I Will Start Saving Natural Resources, Only When You Show Me the Planet as a Person in Danger”: The Effects of Message Framing and Anthropomorphism on Pro-Environmental Behaviors that are Viewed as E," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-14, July.
    3. Han, Nah Ray & Baek, Tae Hyun & Yoon, Sukki & Kim, Yeonshin, 2019. "Is that coffee mug smiling at me? How anthropomorphism impacts the effectiveness of desirability vs. feasibility appeals in sustainability advertising," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 352-361.
    4. Cade, Nicole L., 2018. "Corporate social media: How two-way disclosure channels influence investors," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 68, pages 63-79.
    5. Justina Sidlauskiene & Yannick Joye & Vilte Auruskeviciene, 2023. "AI-based chatbots in conversational commerce and their effects on product and price perceptions," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 33(1), pages 1-21, December.
    6. Christian Nitzl & Wynne W. Chin, 2017. "The case of partial least squares (PLS) path modeling in managerial accounting research," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 137-156, May.
    7. Golossenko, Artyom & Pillai, Kishore Gopalakrishna & Aroean, Lukman, 2020. "Seeing brands as humans: Development and validation of a brand anthropomorphism scale," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 737-755.
    8. Velasco, Franklin & Yang, Zhiyong & Janakiraman, Narayanan, 2021. "A meta-analytic investigation of consumer response to anthropomorphic appeals: The roles of product type and uncertainty avoidance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 735-746.
    9. Fuchs, Christoph & Kaiser, Ulrike & Schreier, Martin & van Osselaer, Stijn M.J., 2022. "The value of making producers personal," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 98(3), pages 486-495.
    10. Lane Peterson Fronczek & Martin Mende & Maura L. Scott & Gergana Y. Nenkov & Anders Gustafsson, 2023. "Friend or foe? Can anthropomorphizing self-tracking devices backfire on marketers and consumers?," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 1075-1097, September.
    11. Xie, Yi & Chen, Ke & Guo, Xiaoling, 2020. "Online anthropomorphism and consumers’ privacy concern: Moderating roles of need for interaction and social exclusion," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    12. Ketron, Seth & Naletelich, Kelly, 2019. "Victim or beggar? Anthropomorphic messengers and the savior effect in consumer sustainability behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 73-84.
    13. Liu, Fu & Wei, Haiying & Zhu, Zhenzhong & Chen, Haipeng (Allan), 2022. "Warmth or competence: Brand anthropomorphism, social exclusion, and advertisement effectiveness," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    14. Lisa Koonce & Zheng Leitter & Brian White, 2023. "The effect of a warning on investors’ reactions to disclosure readability," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 769-791, June.
    15. Baskentli, Sara & Hadi, Rhonda & Lee, Leonard, 2023. "How culture shapes consumer responses to anthropomorphic products," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 495-512.
    16. Sara Kim & Rocky Peng Chen & Ke Zhang, 2016. "Anthropomorphized Helpers Undermine Autonomy and Enjoyment in Computer Games," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 43(2), pages 282-302.
    17. Hyun Ju Jeong & Jihye Kim, 2021. "Human-like versus me-like brands in corporate social responsibility: the effectiveness of brand anthropomorphism on social perceptions and buying pleasure of brands," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 28(1), pages 32-47, January.
    18. Maroufkhani, Parisa & Asadi, Shahla & Ghobakhloo, Morteza & Jannesari, Milad T. & Ismail, Wan Khairuzaman Wan, 2022. "How do interactive voice assistants build brands' loyalty?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    19. Lili Wang & Maferima Touré-Tillery & Ann L. McGill, 2023. "The effect of disease anthropomorphism on compliance with health recommendations," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 51(2), pages 266-285, March.
    20. Karanika, Katerina & Hogg, Margaret K., 2020. "Self–object relationships in consumers’ spontaneous metaphors of anthropomorphism, zoomorphism, and dehumanization," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 15-25.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:770-792. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1911-3846 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.