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The Entry of the Wife into the Labor Force in Response to the Husband's Unemployment: A Study of the Added Worker Effect in Brazilian Metropolitan Areas

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  • Fernandes, Reynaldo
  • de Felicio, Fabiana

Abstract

The temporary participation in the labor force of wives whose husbands have become unemployed has been referred to in the literature as the "added worker effect" (AWE). Previous research conducted using data from the United States has found only a small AWE, a result that accords with life cycle models with perfect capital markets. The current article uses panel data obtained using a short recall period to evaluate the AWE in the six major Brazilian metropolitan areas. Our results show a positive AWE that is much more substantial than those found for the U.S. economy. The finding of an important AWE for Brazil suggests that liquidity constraints may prevent Brazilian households from sufficiently smoothing income and consumption in periods when the male head of the family is unemployed. Alternatively, the significant AWE may indicate that the husband's unemployment signals household members that there may be a substantial reduction in future income flow.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernandes, Reynaldo & de Felicio, Fabiana, 2005. "The Entry of the Wife into the Labor Force in Response to the Husband's Unemployment: A Study of the Added Worker Effect in Brazilian Metropolitan Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(4), pages 887-911, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:ecdecc:y:2005:v:53:i:4:p:887-911
    DOI: 10.1086/429357
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Maridueña-Larrea, Ángel & Martín-Román, Ángel L., 2023. "The asymmetric cyclical behaviour of female labour force participation in Latin America," MPRA Paper 117408, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Joaquín Serrano & Leonardo Gasparini & Mariana Marchionni & Pablo Glüzmann, 2019. "Economic cycle and deceleration of female labor force participation in Latin America," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 53(1), pages 1-21, December.
    3. Isis Gaddis & Janneke Pieters, 2017. "The Gendered Labor Market Impacts of Trade Liberalization: Evidence from Brazil," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 52(2), pages 457-490.
    4. Mazzutti, Caio Cícero Toledo Piza da Costa, 2016. "Three essays on the causal impacts of child labour laws in Brazil," Economics PhD Theses 0616, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
    5. Lina Cardona‐Sosa & Luz Adriana Flórez & Leonardo Fabio Morales & Banco de la República, 2018. "How does the Household Labour Supply Respond to the Unemployment of the Household Head?," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 32(4), pages 174-212, December.
    6. Olga N. Shemyakina, 2011. "Labour Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan," HiCN Working Papers 106, Households in Conflict Network.
    7. Patricia Justino & Olga Shemyakina, 2012. "Remittances and labor supply in post-conflict Tajikistan," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 1(1), pages 1-28, December.
    8. Jan Gromadzki, 2019. "The Added Worker Effect, Employment Contracts, and the Reasons for the Wife’s Inactivity," IBS Working Papers 02/2019, Instytut Badan Strukturalnych.
    9. Matías Ciaschi, 2020. "Job loss and household labor supply adjustments in developing countries: Evidence from Argentina," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0271, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    10. Orlando Sotomayor, 2019. "Growth with reduction in poverty and inequality: did Brazil show the way?," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 17(4), pages 521-541, December.
    11. Karao?lan, Deniz & Okten, Cagla, 2012. "Labor Force Participation of Married Women in Turkey: Is There an Added or a Discouraged Worker Effect?," IZA Discussion Papers 6616, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Berniell, Inés & Gasparini, Leonardo & Marchionni, Mariana & Viollaz, Mariana, 2023. "Lucky women in unlucky cohorts," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    13. Julio Guzman, 2014. "Social Protection and Private Coping Strategies During Recessions: Evidence from Chile," Working Papers wp_041, Adolfo Ibáñez University, School of Government.
    14. Inés Berniell & Leonardo Gasparini & Mariana Marchionni & Mariana Viollaz, 2022. "Lucky Women in Unlucky Cohorts: Gender Differences in the Effects of Initial Labor Market Conditions in Latin America," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0294, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    15. Sotomayor, Orlando J., 2009. "Changes in the Distribution of Household Income in Brazil: The Role of Male and Female Earnings," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 1706-1715, October.
    16. Miki Kohara, 2008. "The Response of Wives f Labor Supply to Husbands f Job Loss," OSIPP Discussion Paper 08E007, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University.
    17. Maridueña-Larrea, Ángel & Martín-Román, Ángel L., 2023. "The unemployment invariance hypothesis and the implications of added and discouraged worker effects in Latin America," MPRA Paper 115966, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Sarbajit Chaudhuri & Somasree Poddar Roychowdhury & Salonkara Chaudhuri, 2019. "Gender-based wage inequality and economic liberalism in the presence of endogenous supply of female labour," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 239-260, December.
    19. Zhu, Mengbing & Xing, Chunbing & Li, Yi, 2023. "Husbands' wages and married women's labor supply in urban China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    20. Madalozzo, Regina & Martins, Sergio R. & Shiratori, Ludmila, 2008. "Participação no Mercado de Trabalho e no Trabalho Doméstico: Homens e Mulheres têm Condições Iguais?," Insper Working Papers wpe_118, Insper Working Paper, Insper Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa.
    21. Huang, Fung-Mey & Luh, Yir-Hueih & Huang, Fung-Yea, 2012. "Unemployment information and wives’ labor supply responses to husbands’ job loss in Taiwan," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 1176-1194.
    22. Lina Cardona-Sosa & Luz Adriana Flórez & Leonardo Morales Zurita, 2016. "Intra-household labour supply after an unemployment event: The added worker effect," Borradores de Economia 944, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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