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Pricing Risk in Economies with Heterogeneous Agents and Incomplete Markets

Author

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  • Josep Pijoan-Mas

Abstract

Habit formation has been proposed as a possible solution to the equity premium puzzle. This paper extends the class of models that support the habits explanation in order to account for heterogeneity in earnings, wealth, habits, and consumption. I find that habit formation does indeed increase the equity premium. However, contrary to earlier results, the habit hypothesis does not imply a price for risk as large as the one measured in the data. There are three reasons for this. First, households in a habits economy modify their consumption/savings decision. Second, they modify their portfolio choice. These two changes in behavior diminish the consumption fluctuations faced by households. Third, the composition of the set of agents pricing risk in the economy changes so that relatively better self-insured households end up pricing risk. (JEL: D52, G12, E21, C68) (c) 2007 by the European Economic Association.

Suggested Citation

  • Josep Pijoan-Mas, 2007. "Pricing Risk in Economies with Heterogeneous Agents and Incomplete Markets," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 5(5), pages 987-1015, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:tpr:jeurec:v:5:y:2007:i:5:p:987-1015
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    Cited by:

    1. Repullo, Rafael & Elizalde, Abel, 2004. "Economic and Regulatory Capital: What is the Difference?," CEPR Discussion Papers 4770, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Francisco Gomes & Alexander Michaelides, 2003. "Portfolio Choice With Internal Habit Formation: A Life-Cycle Model With Uninsurable Labor Income Risk," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 6(4), pages 729-766, October.
    3. Holger Kraft & Claus Munk & Frank Thomas Seifried & Sebastian Wagner, 2017. "Consumption habits and humps," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 64(2), pages 305-330, August.
    4. Shuhei Takahashi, 2020. "Time-Varying Wage Risk, Incomplete Markets, and Business Cycles," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 37, pages 195-213, July.
    5. Johdo, Wataru, 2009. "Habit persistence and stagnation," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 1110-1114, September.
    6. Ivo Bakota, 2023. "Market Clearing and Krusell-Smith Algorithm in an Economy with Multiple Assets," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(3), pages 1007-1045, October.
    7. Diaz, Antonia & Pijoan-Mas, Josep & Rios-Rull, Jose-Victor, 2003. "Precautionary savings and wealth distribution under habit formation preferences," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(6), pages 1257-1291, September.
    8. Kjell Arne Brekke & Olof Johansson-Stenman, 2008. "The behavioural economics of climate change," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 24(2), pages 280-297, Summer.
    9. Marco Cozzi, 2015. "The Krusell–Smith Algorithm: Are Self-Fulfilling Equilibria Likely?," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 46(4), pages 653-670, December.
    10. Santiago Budría & Antonia Díaz, 2006. "Term and Equity Premium in Economies with Habit Formation," Working Papers 2006-23, FEDEA.
    11. Budria, Santiago & Díaz, Antonia, 2006. "Term premium and equity premium in economies with habit formation," UC3M Working papers. Economics we065522, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    12. Damián Pierri, 2023. "Simulations in Models with Heterogeneous Agents, Incomplete Markets and Aggregate Uncertainty," Working Papers 259, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    13. Aleix Calveras & Juan José Ganuza & Gerard Llobet, 2005. "Regulation and opportunism: How much activism do we need?," Economics Working Papers 935, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    14. Ivo Bakota, 2020. "Capital Income Taxation with Portfolio Choice," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp668, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    15. Eva Carceles-Poveda, 2009. "Asset Prices and Business Cycles under Market Incompleteness," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 12(3), pages 405-422, July.
    16. Eduard Dubin & Olesya V. Grishchenko & Vasily Kartashov, 2012. "Habit formation heterogeneity: Implications for aggregate asset pricing," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2012-07, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    17. Ivan Sutoris, 2018. "Asset Prices in a Production Economy with Long-run and Idiosyncratic Risk," Working Papers 2018/4, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department.
    18. Josep Pijoan-Mas, 2006. "Precautionary Savings or Working Longer Hours?," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 9(2), pages 326-352, April.
    19. Yann Algan & Olivier Allais & Eva Carceles-Poveda, 2009. "Macroeconomic Effects of Financial Policy," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 12(4), pages 678-696, October.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
    • D52 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Incomplete Markets
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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