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Outward FDI, Total Factor Productivity and Domestic Output: Evidence from Germany

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  • Dierk Herzer

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of outward FDI on domestic output and total factor productivity by applying cointegration techniques to macroeconomic time series data for Germany. We find a positive relationship between outward FDI and domestic output as well as between outward FDI and total factor productivity. Furthermore, our results indicate that there is bidirectional causality between outward FDI and domestic output, and outward FDI and total factor productivity, suggesting that increased output and productivity are both a consequence and a cause of increased outward FDI. Overall, the results of this paper can be interpreted as evidence of productivity-enhancing, and thus growth-enhancing, effects of outward FDI, which is inconsistent with the simplistic idea that outward investment represents a diversion of domestic economic activity.

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  • Dierk Herzer, 2012. "Outward FDI, Total Factor Productivity and Domestic Output: Evidence from Germany," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 155-174, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:intecj:v:26:y:2012:i:1:p:155-174
    DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2010.538430
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    1. Kleinert, Jörn & Toubal, Farid, 2007. "The impact of locating production abroad on activities at home," Tübinger Diskussionsbeiträge 314, University of Tübingen, School of Business and Economics.
    2. Jens M. Arnold & Katrin Hussinger, 2010. "Exports versus FDI in German Manufacturing: Firm Performance and Participation in International Markets," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(4), pages 595-606, September.
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    2. Cozza, Claudio & Rabellotti, Roberta & Sanfilippo, Marco, 2014. "The impact of outward FDI on the performance of Chinese multinationals," BOFIT Discussion Papers 24/2014, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
    3. T. Gries & R. Grundmann & I. Palnau & M. Redlin, 2017. "Innovations, growth and participation in advanced economies - a review of major concepts and findings," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 293-351, April.
    4. Decai Tang & Zhangming Shan & Junxia He & Ziqian Zhao, 2022. "How Do Environmental Regulations and Outward Foreign Direct Investment Impact the Green Total Factor Productivity in China? A Mediating Effect Test Based on Provincial Panel Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-32, November.
    5. Cozza, C. & Rabellotti, R. & Sanfilippo, M., 2015. "The impact of outward FDI on the performance of Chinese firms," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 42-57.
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    7. Ayesha Ashraf & Nadia Doytch, 2023. "Does investing abroad reduce the ecological footprints at home? Analysis of outward GFDI and M&A from developed and developing countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 6689-6710, July.
    8. KARGI, Bilal, 2014. "Portfolio in Turkish Economy, and A Long Termed Relation Between Foreign Direct Investments and The Growth, and The Structural Breakage Analysis (1980-2012)," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 70-81.
    9. Kazemi, Morteza & Azman-Saini, W.N.W. & Naseeem, N.A.M, 2018. "Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Output: Evidence from East Asian Economies," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 52(1), pages 297-309.
    10. Fabrizio Coricelli & Andreas Wörgötter, 2012. "Structural Change and the Current Account: The Case of Germany," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 940, OECD Publishing.
    11. Kuusi, Tero & Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki, 2021. "BITs with a Bite? EU Home Investment Effects of EU-China Bilateral Investment Treaties," ETLA Reports 115, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    12. Cozza, Claudio & Rabellotti, Roberta & Sanfilippo, Marco, 2014. "The impact of outward FDI on the performance of Chinese multinationals," BOFIT Discussion Papers 24/2014, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
    13. Tinghua Liu & Fengjuan Kou & Xiao Liu & Ehsan Elahi, 2022. "Cluster Commercial Credit and Total Factor Productivity of the Manufacturing Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    14. Osabuohien-Irabor Osarumwense & Drapkin Igor M., 2023. "Global Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth Across Income Groups: The Mediating Effect of Home Country Institutions," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, April.
    15. Rudra P. Pradhan & Mak B. Arvin & John H. Hall, 2019. "The Nexus Between Economic Growth, Stock Market Depth, Trade Openness, And Foreign Direct Investment: The Case Of Asean Countries," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 64(03), pages 461-493, June.

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