IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/applec/v43y2011i11p1351-1363.html

The bicausal relation between religion and income

Author

Listed:
  • L. Bettendorf
  • E. Dijkgraaf

Abstract

In this article the relation between religion and income is investigated using a micro-dataset for the Netherlands. Religion is measured by religious membership and by participation. Instead of estimating a religion equation and an income equation separately, joint regression is preferred since this generally yields more efficient estimates. Following the single-equation approach, both religious measures are found to decrease income significantly and income is found to affect religion negatively. However, these cross-effects become insignificant once the equations are estimated simultaneously. In contrast, the effects of socio-economic characteristics on religion and income hardly differ between the approaches.

Suggested Citation

  • L. Bettendorf & E. Dijkgraaf, 2011. "The bicausal relation between religion and income," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(11), pages 1351-1363.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:43:y:2011:i:11:p:1351-1363
    DOI: 10.1080/00036840802600442
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036840802600442
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/00036840802600442?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or

    for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Edward L. Glaeser & Bruce I. Sacerdote, 2008. "Education and Religion," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 2(2), pages 188-215.
    2. L. Bettendorf & E. Dijkgraaf, 2011. "The bicausal relation between religion and income," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(11), pages 1351-1363.
    3. Ruud de Mooij, 2006. "Reinventing the welfare state," CPB Special Publication 60.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    4. Ruud de Mooij, 2006. "Reinventing the welfare state," CPB Special Publication 60, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Piotr Bialowolski & Christos A. Makridis & Matt Bradshaw & Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska & Craig Gundersen & Noémie Pertel & Cristina Gibson & Sung Joon Jang & R. Noah Padgett & Byron R. Johnson & Tyler J, 2025. "Analysis of demographic variation and childhood correlates of financial well-being across 22 countries," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 9(5), pages 917-932, May.
    2. L. Bettendorf & E. Dijkgraaf, 2011. "The bicausal relation between religion and income," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(11), pages 1351-1363.
    3. Bruna BRUNO & Damiano FIORILLO, 2016. "Voluntary Work And Wages," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 87(2), pages 175-202, December.
    4. Selamah Abdullah Yusof & Mohammad Arif Budiman & Ruzita Mohammad Amin, 2018. "Relationship between Religiosity and Individual Economic Achievement: Evidence from South Kalimantan, Indonesia العلاقة بين التدين والإنجاز الاقتصادي للأفراد: أدلة من جنوب كاليمانتان، إندونيسيا," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 31(2), pages 3-16, July.
    5. L. Bettendorf & E. Dijkgraaf, 2008. "Religion and Income," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-014/3, Tinbergen Institute.
    6. Todd C. Neumann, 2013. "The effect of drinking and smoking on the labour market outcomes of low-income young adults," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(5), pages 541-553, February.
    7. Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu & Abiodun Olusola Omotayo & Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu & Wilfred Otang-Mbeng, 2020. "Herbal-Based Cosmeceuticals and Economic Sustainability among Women in South African Rural Communities," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-14, June.
    8. Bruno, Bruna & Fiorillo, Damiano, 2013. "Voluntary work and labour income," MPRA Paper 43995, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Bialowolski, Piotr & A.Makridis, Christos & Bradshaw, Matt & Bialowolska, Dorota Weziak & Gundersen, Craig & Le Pertel, Noémie & Gibson, Cristina & Jang, Sung Joon & Padgett, R. Noah & Johnson, Byron , 2025. "Analysis of demographic variation and childhood correlates of financial well-being across 22 countries," OSF Preprints 6cnem_v1, Center for Open Science.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gosta Esping-Andersen, 2008. "Childhood investments and skill formation," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 15(1), pages 19-44, February.
    2. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6157 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Jan C. van Ours, 2006. "Leaving "Hotel California": How Incentives Affect Flows of Benefits in the Netherlands," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 75(3), pages 186-207.
    4. Geert Mesters & Victor van der Geest & Catrien Bijleveld, 2014. "Crime, Employment and Social Welfare: an Individual-level Study on Disadvantaged Males," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 14-091/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    5. Catherine Mathieu & Henri Sterdyniak, 2008. "European social model(s) and social Europe," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2008-10, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    6. L. Bettendorf & E. Dijkgraaf, 2008. "Religion and Income," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-014/3, Tinbergen Institute.
    7. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/6157 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5082 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Pierre Koning & Joëlle Noailly & Sabine Visser, 2007. "Do non-profits make a difference? Evaluating non-profit vis-à-vis for-profit organisations in social services," CPB Document 142, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    10. Wim Suyker & P. Buitelaar & Henri de Groot, 2007. "India and the Dutch economy; stylised facts and prospects," CPB Document 155, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    11. Wim Suyker & Henri de Groot, 2006. "China and the Dutch economy," CPB Document 127, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    12. Wim Suyker, 2007. "The Chinese economy, seen from Japan and the Netherlands," CPB Memorandum 185, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    13. Wim Suyker, 2007. "The Chinese economy, seen from Japan and the Netherlands," CPB Memorandum 185.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    14. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/5082 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Juan Pineiro Chousa & Haider Ali Khan & Davit N. Melikyan & Artur Tamazian, 2005. "Institutional and Financial Determinants of Development: New Evidence from Advanced and Emerging Markets," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-326, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    16. Iyigun, Murat, 2006. "Ottoman Conquests and European Ecclesiastical Pluralism," IZA Discussion Papers 1973, IZA Network @ LISER.
    17. Adsera, Alicia, 2005. "Differences in Desired and Actual Fertility: An Economic Analysis of the Spanish Case," IZA Discussion Papers 1584, IZA Network @ LISER.
    18. McCleary, Rachel & Barro, Robert, 2002. "Religion and Political Economy in an International Panel," Scholarly Articles 3221170, Harvard University Department of Economics.
    19. Raphael Corbi & Fabio Miessi Sanches, 2022. "Church Competition, Religious Subsidies and the Rise of Evangelicalism: a Dynamic Structural Analysis," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2022_09, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    20. David Evers, 2008. "Reflections On Territorial Cohesion And European Spatial Planning," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 99(3), pages 303-315, July.
    21. repec:esr:resser:rs001 is not listed on IDEAS
    22. Pablo BraÒas-Garza & Shoshana Neuman, 2004. "Analyzing Religiosity within an Economic Framework: The Case of Spanish Catholics," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 5-22, March.
    23. Robert MacCulloch & Silvia Pezzini, 2010. "The Roles of Freedom, Growth, and Religion in the Taste for Revolution," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(2), pages 329-358, May.
    24. Maryam Dilmaghani, 2018. "Which is greener: secularity or religiosity? Environmental philanthropy along religiosity spectrum," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 20(2), pages 477-502, April.
    25. Anneli Kaasa, 2018. "Intangible factors and productivity: Evidence from Europe at the regional level," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 14(2), pages 300-325, April.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:43:y:2011:i:11:p:1351-1363. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Longhurst (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.tandfonline.com/RAEC20 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.