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Factors Explaining Life Expectancy at Age 65: A Panel Data Approach Applied to European Union Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Poças

    (UDI, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda)

  • Elias Soukiazis

    (University of Coimbra)

  • Micaela Antunes

    (University of Coimbra)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to explain the determinants of longevity in 20 European Union countries for which comparable data are available for the period 1990–2016. We use a health equation to explain life expectancy at age 65 for total population considering socioeconomic factors, population structure, health resources, lifestyles and environment as the main determinants of health status. Panel estimation techniques are implemented to estimate the health equation with lagged explanatory variables to attenuate the endogeneity problems of regressors. Our evidence shows that per capita income, education and pharmaceutical expenditures positively affect life expectancy at the age of 65. As expected, risky lifestyles and air pollution have a significant negative impact on health. The interaction between population age structure and pharmaceutical expenditures proves also to be important for explaining longevity. Our evidence reinforces the idea that investing in education and health care provision is the way to achieve healthier longevity allowing a more active participation of the elderly in society.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Poças & Elias Soukiazis & Micaela Antunes, 2020. "Factors Explaining Life Expectancy at Age 65: A Panel Data Approach Applied to European Union Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 150(1), pages 265-288, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:150:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-020-02290-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02290-2
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    Cited by:

    1. Hao Yang & Shaobin Wang & Zhoupeng Ren & Haimeng Liu & Yun Tong & Na Wang, 2022. "Life Expectancy, Air Pollution, and Socioeconomic Factors: A Multivariate Time-Series Analysis of Beijing City, China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 979-994, August.
    2. Nakatani, Ryota & Zhang, Qianqian & Garcia Valdes, Isaura, 2023. "Health Expenditure Decentralization and Health Outcomes: The Importance of Governance," MPRA Paper 118062, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Ryota Nakatani & Qianqian Zhang & Isaura Garcia Valdes, 2024. "Health Expenditure Decentralization and Health Outcomes: The Importance of Governance," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, CSF Associates Inc., vol. 54(1), pages 59-87.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Life expectancy at age 65; Socioeconomic status; Panel data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development

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