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On the tax efficiency of startup firms

Author

Listed:
  • Eric J. Allen

    (University of California, Riverside)

  • Jeffrey C. Allen

    (University of California, Riverside and University of Redlands)

  • Sharat Raghavan

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • David H. Solomon

    (Boston College)

Abstract

We examine the choice of organizational structure for VC-backed startup firms. These firms overwhelmingly organize as C-corporations rather than as tax advantaged limited liability companies (LLCs). This results in foregone tax savings of $43.9 billion, or 4.9% of the total equity invested in the sample firms. The decision is puzzling, given plausible estimates of the direct costs involved, but appears related to “hassle” and other transition costs generated by participants implementing a new form. Firms with more employees and investors are likely to choose the C-corporation. VCs appear to prefer the C-corporation form, as receiving VC money is associated with most LLC firms switching to a C-corporation within 30 days. Greater VC preferences for C-corporations are linked to a preference for familiarity, and less attention to taxes.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric J. Allen & Jeffrey C. Allen & Sharat Raghavan & David H. Solomon, 2023. "On the tax efficiency of startup firms," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 1887-1928, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:reaccs:v:28:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s11142-022-09677-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11142-022-09677-1
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