Geological hazard vulnerability assessment based on cloud model in Zhejiang Province, China

With the recent environmental changes and the influence of human engineering activities, Zhejiang Province has become an area where geological hazards are frequent in China. However, the research on geological hazard vulnerability in this area is not yet sufficient. Based on game theory and cloud model, this study generated a vulnerability assessment framework in Zhejiang Province, accomplishing vulnerability assessment at both the grid scale and district-county scale. The results show that: only 6% of the areas are classified as very-high and high-vulnerability areas. High vulnerability areas are primarily concentrated in the plains near the Qiantang River estuary and Hangzhou Bay, alongside coastal areas in southeastern Zhejiang. The cloud model vulnerability grading results show that: only Gongshu District in Hangzhou is identified as a very-high vulnerability area, with Shangcheng District categorized as high vulnerability. Additionally, there are 5 medium, 26 low, and 57 very-low vulnerability areas among the districts and counties assessed. These findings furnish a basis for advancing geological disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts throughout Zhejiang Province and fill a gap in the research of vulnerability in Zhejiang Province.