IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i17p9652-d623413.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of the Socioeconomic Vulnerability to Seismic Hazards in the National Capital Region of India Using Factor Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Navdeep Agrawal

    (Disaster Management Laboratory, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, Greater Noida PIN 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Laxmi Gupta

    (Disaster Management Laboratory, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, Greater Noida PIN 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Jagabandhu Dixit

    (Disaster Management Laboratory, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, Greater Noida PIN 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India)

Abstract

The seismicity of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India increased significantly over the last decade. Communities in the NCR face significant exposure to damaging seismic events, and the seismic risk arises not only from the region’s proximity to the Himalayan mountains, but also from the socioeconomic vulnerabilities in its communities and the current capacities of different localities to respond to and recover from any unforeseen large seismic event. GIS-based spatial distribution of exposure to seismic hazards (SH) can help decision-makers and authorities identify locations with populations at high seismic risk, and to prepare risk-mitigation plans. Socioeconomic vulnerability (SeV) studies serve as a basis for quantifying qualitative measures. For this purpose, in the present study, the hazard of place (HoP) model is used to assess SeV to seismic hazards in the NCR. Social indicators like age, gender, literacy, family size, built environment, etc., comprising a total of 36 variables, are used to assess a socioeconomic vulnerability index ( SeVI ) based on factor and principal component (PCA) analyses. Based on PCA, 20 variables were retained and grouped into four factors: socioeconomic status, employment status, building typology, and family size. Ground-motion parameters, estimated from probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, are integrated with the socioeconomic vulnerability index to quantify exposure to seismic hazards. The spatial distributions in the produced socioeconomic-vulnerability index and seismic–hazard–exposure maps highlight the critical areas. The results reveal that areas of low literacy, high unemployment, and poor housing condition show moderate-to-high vulnerability. The south-eastern region of the study area is assessed as a high-risk zone by an integrated SeV–SH risk matrix. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the socioeconomic vulnerability component of disaster risk–reduction programs, from a holistic perspective, for the areas with high seismicity.

Suggested Citation

  • Navdeep Agrawal & Laxmi Gupta & Jagabandhu Dixit, 2021. "Assessment of the Socioeconomic Vulnerability to Seismic Hazards in the National Capital Region of India Using Factor Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9652-:d:623413
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9652/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9652/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jagabandhu Dixit & D. Dewaikar & R. Jangid, 2012. "Soil liquefaction studies at Mumbai city," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 375-390, September.
    2. V. Martins & Delta Silva & Pedro Cabral, 2012. "Social vulnerability assessment to seismic risk using multicriteria analysis: the case study of Vila Franca do Campo (São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 62(2), pages 385-404, June.
    3. Tiodora Siagian & Purhadi Purhadi & Suhartono Suhartono & Hamonangan Ritonga, 2014. "Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Indonesia: driving factors and policy implications," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 70(2), pages 1603-1617, January.
    4. Mohsen Alizadeh & Esmaeil Alizadeh & Sara Asadollahpour Kotenaee & Himan Shahabi & Amin Beiranvand Pour & Mahdi Panahi & Baharin Bin Ahmad & Lee Saro, 2018. "Social Vulnerability Assessment Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model for Earthquake Hazard in Tabriz City, Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-23, September.
    5. Susan L. Cutter & Bryan J. Boruff & W. Lynn Shirley, 2003. "Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 84(2), pages 242-261, June.
    6. Haihong Yuan & Xiaolu Gao & Wei Qi, 2019. "Fine-Scale Spatiotemporal Analysis of Population Vulnerability to Earthquake Disasters: Theoretical Models and Application to Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, April.
    7. Martha-Liliana Carreño & Omar Cardona & Alex Barbat, 2007. "Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Approach," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 40(1), pages 137-172, January.
    8. William Mohanty & M. Walling & Sankar Nath & Indrajit Pal, 2007. "First Order Seismic Microzonation of Delhi, India Using Geographic Information System (GIS)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 40(2), pages 245-260, February.
    9. Alexandru Banica & Lucian Rosu & Ionel Muntele & Adrian Grozavu, 2017. "Towards Urban Resilience: A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability in Iasi City (Romania)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-17, February.
    10. Mohammad Ilbeigi & Sarath Chandra K. Jagupilla, 2020. "An Empirical Analysis of Association between Socioeconomic Factors and Communities’ Exposure to Natural Hazards," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-13, August.
    11. Chun-Pin Tseng & Cheng-Wu Chen, 2012. "Natural disaster management mechanisms for probabilistic earthquake loss," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 60(3), pages 1055-1063, February.
    12. Anjum Tasnuva & Md. Riad Hossain & Roquia Salam & Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam & Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary & Sobhy M. Ibrahim, 2021. "Employing social vulnerability index to assess household social vulnerability of natural hazards: an evidence from southwest coastal Bangladesh," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(7), pages 10223-10245, July.
    13. Annemarie Ebert & Norman Kerle & Alfred Stein, 2009. "Urban social vulnerability assessment with physical proxies and spatial metrics derived from air- and spaceborne imagery and GIS data," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 48(2), pages 275-294, February.
    14. Mathew C. Schmidtlein & Roland C. Deutsch & Walter W. Piegorsch & Susan L. Cutter, 2008. "A Sensitivity Analysis of the Social Vulnerability Index," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 1099-1114, August.
    15. Lisa Rygel & David O’sullivan & Brent Yarnal, 2006. "A Method for Constructing a Social Vulnerability Index: An Application to Hurricane Storm Surges in a Developed Country," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 741-764, May.
    16. Jose Manuel Diaz-Sarachaga & Daniel Jato-Espino, 2020. "Analysis of vulnerability assessment frameworks and methodologies in urban areas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(1), pages 437-457, January.
    17. N. Alam & M. Alam & S. Tesfamariam, 2012. "Buildings’ seismic vulnerability assessment methods: a comparative study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 62(2), pages 405-424, June.
    18. Eleonora Giovene di Girasole & Daniele Cannatella, 2017. "Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Urban Systems. An Application in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-17, November.
    19. D. Yoon, 2012. "Assessment of social vulnerability to natural disasters: a comparative study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 823-843, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lihui Wu & Da Ma & Jinling Li, 2023. "Assessment of the Regional Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in China Based on DEA Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Jiale Zhu & Yichen Zhang & Jiquan Zhang & Yanan Chen & Yijun Liu & Huanan Liu, 2023. "Multi-Criteria Seismic Risk Assessment Based on Combined Weight-TOPSIS Model and CF-Logistic Regression Model—A Case Study of Songyuan City, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-28, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mar Llorente-Marrón & Montserrat Díaz-Fernández & Paz Méndez-Rodríguez & Rosario González Arias, 2020. "Social Vulnerability, Gender and Disasters. The Case of Haiti in 2010," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Mohammad Abdul Quader & Amanat Ullah Khan & Matthieu Kervyn, 2017. "Assessing Risks from Cyclones for Human Lives and Livelihoods in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-26, July.
    3. Loredana Antronico & Maria Teresa Carone & Roberto Coscarelli, 2023. "An approach to measure resilience of communities to climate change: a case study in Calabria (Southern Italy)," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 1-28, April.
    4. Nicolás C. Bronfman & Paula B. Repetto & Nikole Guerrero & Javiera V. Castañeda & Pamela C. Cisternas, 2021. "Temporal evolution in social vulnerability to natural hazards in Chile," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(2), pages 1757-1784, June.
    5. Elia A Machado & Samuel Ratick, 2018. "Implications of indicator aggregation methods for global change vulnerability reduction efforts," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 23(7), pages 1109-1141, October.
    6. Soumya Dasgupta & Ruchi Badola, 2020. "Indicator-Based Assessment of Resilience and Vulnerability in the Indian Himalayan Region: A Case Study on Socio-Economy under Different Scenarios," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, August.
    7. Alexandru Banica & Lucian Rosu & Ionel Muntele & Adrian Grozavu, 2017. "Towards Urban Resilience: A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability in Iasi City (Romania)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-17, February.
    8. Jose Manuel Diaz-Sarachaga & Daniel Jato-Espino, 2020. "Analysis of vulnerability assessment frameworks and methodologies in urban areas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(1), pages 437-457, January.
    9. Gainbi Park & Zengwang Xu, 2022. "The constituent components and local indicator variables of social vulnerability index," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(1), pages 95-120, January.
    10. Seunghoo Jeong & D. K. Yoon, 2018. "Examining Vulnerability Factors to Natural Disasters with a Spatial Autoregressive Model: The Case of South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    11. Seunghoo Jeong & Byeong Je Kim & Young‐Joo Lee & Ji‐Bum Chung & Sung‐Han Sim, 2020. "Individual Disaster Assistance For Socially Vulnerable People: Lessons Learned From the Pohang Earthquake in the Republic of Korea," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(11), pages 2373-2389, November.
    12. Ibolya Török, 2018. "Qualitative Assessment of Social Vulnerability to Flood Hazards in Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-20, October.
    13. Esfandiar Zebardast, 2013. "Constructing a social vulnerability index to earthquake hazards using a hybrid factor analysis and analytic network process (F’ANP) model," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 65(3), pages 1331-1359, February.
    14. Christian Geiß & Hannes Taubenböck, 2013. "Remote sensing contributing to assess earthquake risk: from a literature review towards a roadmap," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 68(1), pages 7-48, August.
    15. Chien-Hao Sung & Shyue-Cherng Liaw, 2021. "Using Spatial Pattern Analysis to Explore the Relationship between Vulnerability and Resilience to Natural Hazards," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-16, May.
    16. Matthew Wilson & Sandi Lane & Raghuveer Mohan & Margaret Sugg, 2020. "Internal and external validation of vulnerability indices: a case study of the Multivariate Nursing Home Vulnerability Index," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(3), pages 1013-1036, February.
    17. Tingting Ji & Hsi-Hsien Wei & Igal M. Shohet & Feng Xiong, 2021. "Risk-based resilience concentration assessment of community to seismic hazards," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(2), pages 1731-1751, September.
    18. Eric Tate & Aaron Strong & Travis Kraus & Haoyi Xiong, 2016. "Flood recovery and property acquisition in Cedar Rapids, Iowa," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(3), pages 2055-2079, February.
    19. Mariane Paulina Batalha Roque & José Ambrósio Ferreira Neto & Wilson Cruz Vieira & Bianca Diniz Rocha & Arthur Telles Calegario, 2023. "Social vulnerability to environmental disasters in the Paraopeba River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(2), pages 1191-1210, September.
    20. Eric Tate & Aaron Strong & Travis Kraus & Haoyi Xiong, 2016. "Flood recovery and property acquisition in Cedar Rapids, Iowa," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(3), pages 2055-2079, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9652-:d:623413. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.