IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/joprea/v37y2020i3d10.1007_s12546-020-09245-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The dynamic complexity of Australia’s immigration and emigration flows from 1981 to 2016

Author

Listed:
  • James Raymer

    (Australian National University)

  • Xujing Bai

    (Australian National University)

  • Nan Liu

    (Australian National University)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to examine how flows of immigration and emigration to and from Australia over the past 35 years have evolved across settlement areas. This is achieved by studying the changes to the sources of immigration, measured by country or region of birth, the relative propensities of immigrants to remain in Australia, and the differences exhibited by females and males. The analyses utilise a unique set of data on immigration and emigration flows that have been recently harmonised across various sources of existing data, both over time and across geographic units. Specifically, we show how the patterns have evolved for 18 different immigrant groups and the Australia-born population since 1981. This research provides new insights into the patterns of international migration that are greatly influencing population and ethnic change across Australia. We show how the diversity of immigration has increased between 1981 and 2016 and the significance of China and India as new sources of immigration. The increasing diversity is found across all 47 geographic areas that we examine, albeit with variations in the levels and sources of immigration. We also find that retention of immigrants and ratios of returning Australia-born persons have been declining over time. Finally, we show how most immigrant groups exhibit distinct patterns of immigration and emigration by sex.

Suggested Citation

  • James Raymer & Xujing Bai & Nan Liu, 2020. "The dynamic complexity of Australia’s immigration and emigration flows from 1981 to 2016," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 37(3), pages 213-242, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joprea:v:37:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s12546-020-09245-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s12546-020-09245-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12546-020-09245-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12546-020-09245-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jonathan J. Azose & Adrian E. Raftery, 2019. "Estimation of emigration, return migration, and transit migration between all pairs of countries," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116(1), pages 116-122, January.
    2. Frans Willekens, 2018. "Towards causal forecasting of international migration," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 16(1), pages 199-218.
    3. Peter W. F. Smith & James Raymer & Corrado Giulietti, 2010. "Combining available migration data in England to study economic activity flows over time," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 173(4), pages 733-753, October.
    4. James Raymer & Arkadiusz Wiśniowski & Jonathan J. Forster & Peter W. F. Smith & Jakub Bijak, 2013. "Integrated Modeling of European Migration," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 108(503), pages 801-819, September.
    5. Peter Boden & Phil Rees, 2010. "Using administrative data to improve the estimation of immigration to local areas in England," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 173(4), pages 707-731, October.
    6. Jeromey B. Temple & Peter F. McDonald, 2018. "Australian migration propensities by visa class: an analysis of linked administrative data," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 399-416, December.
    7. Joop Beer & James Raymer & Rob Erf & Leo Wissen, 2010. "Overcoming the Problems of Inconsistent International Migration data: A New Method Applied to Flows in Europe [Surmonter les problèmes d’incohérences des données sur les migrations internationales:," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 26(4), pages 459-481, November.
    8. Guy Abel, 2013. "Estimating global migration flow tables using place of birth data," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 28(18), pages 505-546.
    9. James Raymer & Yanlin Shi & Qing Guan & Bernard Baffour & Tom Wilson, 2018. "The Sources and Diversity of Immigrant Population Change in Australia, 1981–2011," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 55(5), pages 1777-1802, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dagmara Laukova & Aude Bernard & Toan Nguyen & Thomas Sigler, 2022. "The role of visa class in the location choices of immigrants in Australia at the regional and neighbourhood scales," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 201-231, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Willekens Frans, 2019. "Evidence-Based Monitoring of International Migration Flows in Europe," Journal of Official Statistics, Sciendo, vol. 35(1), pages 231-277, March.
    2. Berlemann, Michael & Haustein, Erik & Steinhardt, Max F., 2021. "From Stocks to Flows – Evidence for the Climate-Migration-Nexus," IZA Discussion Papers 14450, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Raftery, Adrian E. & Ševčíková, Hana, 2023. "Probabilistic population forecasting: Short to very long-term," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 73-97.
    4. Daniela Perrotta & Sarah C. Johnson & Tom Theile & André Grow & Helga A. G. de Valk & Emilio Zagheni, 2022. "Openness to migrate internationally for a job: evidence from LinkedIn data in Europe," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2022-007, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    5. Guy J. Abel, 2015. "Estimates of Global Bilateral Migration Flows by Gender Between 1960 and 2010," VID Working Papers 1505, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
    6. James Raymer & Joop Beer & Rob Erf, 2011. "Putting the Pieces of the Puzzle Together: Age and Sex-Specific Estimates of Migration amongst Countries in the EU/EFTA, 2002–2007," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 27(2), pages 185-215, May.
    7. Thomas Buettner, 2020. "World Population Prospects – A Long View," Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), issue 520-521, pages 9-27.
    8. Qing Guan & James Raymer & Juliet Pietsch, 2022. "Estimating International Migration Flows for Pacific Island Countries: A Research Brief," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(5), pages 1917-1930, October.
    9. Albano Rikani & Jacob Schewe, 2021. "Global bilateral migration projections accounting for diasporas, transit and return flows, and poverty constraints," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 45(4), pages 87-140.
    10. Del Fava, Emanuele & Wiśniowsk, Arkadiusz & Zagheni, Emilio, 2019. "Modelling International Migration Flows by Integrating Multiple Data Sources," SocArXiv cma5h, Center for Open Science.
    11. Cate Arie ten, 2014. "The Identification of Reporting Accuracies from Mirror Data," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 234(1), pages 70-84, February.
    12. Els Bekaert & Amelie F. Constant & Killian Foubert & Ilse Ruyssen, 2021. "Longing for Which Home: Evidence from Global Aspirations to Stay, Return or Migrate Onwards," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 21/1028, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    13. Dramane Coulibaly & Blaise Gnimassoun & Valérie Mignon, 2018. "The tale of two international phenomena: International migration and global imbalances," Working Papers 2018-02, CEPII research center.
    14. Xiaoyue Xi & Simon E. F. Spencer & Matthew Hall & M. Kate Grabowski & Joseph Kagaayi & Oliver Ratmann & Rakai Health Sciences Program and PANGEA‐HIV, 2022. "Inferring the sources of HIV infection in Africa from deep‐sequence data with semi‐parametric Bayesian Poisson flow models," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 71(3), pages 517-540, June.
    15. Glenn Rayp & Ilse Ruyssen & Samuel Standaert, 2023. "Selecting only the best and brightest? An assessment of migration policy selectivity and its effectiveness," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1062, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    16. Dominik Paprotny, 2021. "Convergence Between Developed and Developing Countries: A Centennial Perspective," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 153(1), pages 193-225, January.
    17. Amelie F. Constant, 2020. "Time-Space Dynamics of Return and Circular Migration: Theories and Evidence," CESifo Working Paper Series 8053, CESifo.
    18. El-Mallakh, Nelly & Wahba, Jackline, 2021. "Upward or downward: Occupational mobility and return migration," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    19. Jack DeWaard & Keuntae Kim & James Raymer, 2012. "Migration Systems in Europe: Evidence From Harmonized Flow Data," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(4), pages 1307-1333, November.
    20. Muhammad Asif Wazir & Anne Goujon, 2019. "Assessing the 2017 Census of Pakistan Using Demographic Analysis: A Sub-National Perspective," VID Working Papers 1906, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:joprea:v:37:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s12546-020-09245-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.