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Canada (Live-in) Caregiver Program (LCP) and Care Workers’ Lived Experiences: A Systematic Literature Review

Author

Listed:
  • Desmond Ofori Oklikah

    (University of Western Ontario)

  • Teresa Abada

    (University of Western Ontario
    University of Western Ontario)

  • Godwin Arku

    (University of Western Ontario)

Abstract

As discourse on transnational labor migration continues to highlight the influence of structures on the experiences and existence of caregivers, Canada’s economic immigration and status regularization programs are not excluded from the discussions. Particularly, the Canada (Live-in) Caregiver Program (henceforth LCP) introduced in 1992 has gained attention from popular and scholarly cycles despite being the only economic immigration program that guarantees permanent residency status to applicants after fulfilling the mandatory program requirements. Drawing from 19 empirical studies, this systematic literature review discussed some emerging themes from the LCP. From the studies reviewed, it was found that both current and former caregivers continue to bear the direct brunt of caregiving given their positionality as mostly racialized women from low-income countries. Moreover, among the range of issues discussed, homelessness, food insecurity, and the deteriorating health conditions of care workers are some pressing issues that need urgent scholarly and policy attention. These findings underscore the need for periodic reassessments of the LCP to understand the intersectionality of current and emerging issues—as the program has greater potential to meet rising care needs in Canada, but only if the living conditions of caregivers are addressed.

Suggested Citation

  • Desmond Ofori Oklikah & Teresa Abada & Godwin Arku, 2024. "Canada (Live-in) Caregiver Program (LCP) and Care Workers’ Lived Experiences: A Systematic Literature Review," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 933-971, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:25:y:2024:i:2:d:10.1007_s12134-024-01119-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-024-01119-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlos, Jessica Krystle & Wilson, Kathi, 2018. "Migration among temporary foreign workers: Examining health and access to health care among Filipina live-in caregivers," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 117-124.
    2. Geraldine Pratt, 1999. "From Registered Nurse to Registered Nanny: Discursive Geographies of Filipina Domestic Workers in Vancouver, B.C," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 75(3), pages 215-236, July.
    3. McDonald, James Ted & Kennedy, Steven, 2004. "Insights into the 'healthy immigrant effect': health status and health service use of immigrants to Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 59(8), pages 1613-1627, October.
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