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Immigration and Ethnic Diversity in England and Wales Examined Through an Area Classification Framework

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  • Kitty Lymperopoulou

    (University of Manchester)

Abstract

This paper develops an area classification to examine immigration, ethnic diversity, and its social consequences in local authorities of England and Wales. Using a set of demographic, socio-economic, and migration variables drawn from survey and administrative data and cluster analysis methods, it produces a 12-fold classification of local authorities. The classification includes groups of traditional immigrant settlement areas with high flows of migrants of different migration streams and nationalities, smaller urban, and semi-rural areas with high migration rates associated with a dominant migrant group, as well as areas with migration rates close to the national average or below average migration rates. By taking into account the nuances of diversity and immigration and the local socio-economic context in which migrants settle, the classification provides a useful framework towards understanding the different ways immigration can impact on social cohesion and how local policies can be more responsive to the needs of local populations. Examination of attitudes to immigration, perceptions of cohesion, and social mixing suggests that less ethnically diverse local authorities with a dominant migrant group and socio-economically deprived local authorities are most at risk of experiencing higher pressures on social cohesion.

Suggested Citation

  • Kitty Lymperopoulou, 2020. "Immigration and Ethnic Diversity in England and Wales Examined Through an Area Classification Framework," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 829-846, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:21:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s12134-019-00678-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-019-00678-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Natalia Letki, 2008. "Does Diversity Erode Social Cohesion? Social Capital and Race in British Neighbourhoods," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 56, pages 99-126, March.
    2. Dan Vickers & Phil Rees, 2007. "Creating the UK National Statistics 2001 output area classification," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 170(2), pages 379-403, March.
    3. Aslan Zorlu & Clara Mulder, 2008. "Initial and Subsequent Location Choices of Immigrants to the Netherlands," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 245-264.
    4. Kitty Lymperopoulou, 2013. "The Area Determinants of the Location Choices of New Immigrants in England," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 45(3), pages 575-592, March.
    5. Natalia Letki, 2008. "Does Diversity Erode Social Cohesion? Social Capital and Race in British Neighbourhoods," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 56(1), pages 99-126, March.
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