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Tour guides’ communication ecosystems: an inferential social network analysis approach

Author

Listed:
  • Ladan Ghahramani

    (North Carolina State University)

  • Jalayer Khalilzadeh

    (Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida)

  • Birendra KC

    (University of North Texas)

Abstract

Successful performance by tour guides depends highly on their networking activities and interpersonal skills. Membership in related associations can provide opportunities for establishing and expanding a supportive network in the tour guiding profession. This study explores communication ecosystems used among the members of the largest professional tour guides organization, the World Federation of Tourist Guide Associations (WFTGA). Using the data collected from the 17th WFTGA convention in Tehran, Iran, we investigated five types of tour guides’ communications ecosystems (i.e. in-person, online-call, text-message, e-mail, and social networks) and compared them to tour guides’ networks of colleagues (i.e., the network that shows how people know one another and how they are linked). Moreover, we included the complementary no-contact network to enhance the internal validity of the study. Using exponential random graph modeling, all seven networks have been modeled using demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, marital status, and tenure along with the history of participation in previous WFTGA conventions and WFTGA membership status. The analyses of virtual/digital (i.e., online-call, text-message, e-mail, and online social networks) and natural/traditional (i.e., in-person) communication ecosystems showed interesting similarities and differences among the seven networks, providing valuable insights for practitioners as well as academicians. Findings revealed the formation of networks based on homophily as well as heterophily effects is a function of types of communication ecosystem.

Suggested Citation

  • Ladan Ghahramani & Jalayer Khalilzadeh & Birendra KC, 2018. "Tour guides’ communication ecosystems: an inferential social network analysis approach," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 103-130, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:infott:v:20:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s40558-018-0114-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s40558-018-0114-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rodolfo Baggio & Giacomo Del Chiappa, 2013. "Tourism Destinations as Digital Business Ecosystems," Springer Books, in: Lorenzo Cantoni & Zheng (Phil) Xiang (ed.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013, edition 127, pages 183-194, Springer.
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    6. Houge Mackenzie, Susan & Kerr, John H., 2013. "Stress and emotions at work: An adventure tourism guide's experiences," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 3-14.
    7. Carlos Lozares & Joan Verd & Irene Cruz & Oriol Barranco, 2014. "Homophily and heterophily in personal networks. From mutual acquaintance to relationship intensity," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2657-2670, September.
    8. Khalilzadeh, Jalayer & Tasci, Asli D.A., 2017. "Large sample size, significance level, and the effect size: Solutions to perils of using big data for academic research," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 89-96.
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    Cited by:

    1. Julia Ziółkowska, 2021. "Finding Opportunities in Uncertain Times. The Case Study of a Tourist Guides Venture in the EU," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-18, November.

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