IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/epolin/v52y2025i2d10.1007_s40812-024-00330-3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on sales and employment of the non-financial corporate sector in Slovenia

Author

Listed:
  • Biswajit Banerjee

    (National Bank of Slovakia
    Ashoka University)

  • Jelena Ćirjaković

    (Bank of Slovenia)

Abstract

Using annual firm-level data for Slovenia, this paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on sales and employment. The outcomes in the pandemic year are compared with those in the pre-Covid and post-Covid periods. The negative impact of the pandemic on sales was sizeable, but the impact was significantly less for smaller and younger firms and was most in the accommodation and food services sector. The likelihood of contraction in employment was higher the larger was the drop in sales. Government financing support had a strong positive effect on facilitating employment growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Biswajit Banerjee & Jelena Ćirjaković, 2025. "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on sales and employment of the non-financial corporate sector in Slovenia," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 52(2), pages 473-499, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:epolin:v:52:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s40812-024-00330-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s40812-024-00330-3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40812-024-00330-3
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s40812-024-00330-3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Meyer, Brent H. & Prescott, Brian & Sheng, Xuguang Simon, 2022. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business expectations," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 529-544.
    2. Rabinovich, Joel, 2023. "Tangible and intangible investments and sales growth of US firms," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 200-212.
    3. Davis, Steven J & Haltiwanger, John & Schuh, Scott, 1996. "Small Business and Job Creation: Dissecting the Myth and Reassessing the Facts," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 297-315, August.
    4. Steven J. Davis & R. Jason Faberman & John Haltiwanger, 2006. "The Flow Approach to Labor Markets: New Data Sources and Micro-Macro Links," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 20(3), pages 3-26, Summer.
    5. Silvia Muzi & Filip Jolevski & Kohei Ueda & Domenico Viganola, 2023. "Productivity and firm exit during the COVID-19 crisis: cross-country evidence," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1719-1760, April.
    6. Diana Bonfim & Geraldo Cerqueiro & Hans Degryse & Steven Ongena, 2023. "On-Site Inspecting Zombie Lending," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(5), pages 2547-2567, May.
    7. Bighelli, Tommaso & Lalinsky, Tibor & Vanhala, Juuso, 2023. "Cross-country evidence on the allocation of COVID-19 government subsidies and consequences for productivity," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    8. Müge Adalet McGowan & Dan Andrews & Valentine Millot & Thorsten BeckManaging Editor, 2018. "The walking dead? Zombie firms and productivity performance in OECD countries," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 33(96), pages 685-736.
    9. Miyakawa, Daisuke & Oikawa, Koki & Ueda, Kozo, 2021. "Firm Exit during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    10. Biswajit Banerjee & Jelena Ćirjaković, 2023. "The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Non-financial Corporate Sector in Slovenia," Working Papers 108, Ashoka University, Department of Economics.
    11. Márcio Mateus, 2022. "Stayin’ alive? Government support measures in Portugal during the Covid-19 pandemic," Working Papers w202212, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    12. Biswajit Banerjee & Manca Jesenko, 2016. "The Role of Firm Size and Firm Age in Employment Growth: Evidence for Slovenia, 1996-2013," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 13(2), pages 199-219, December.
    13. Bennedsen, Morten & Larsen, Birthe & Schmutte, Ian & Scur, Daniela, 2020. "Preserving job matches during the COVID-19 pandemic: firm-level evidence on the role of government aid," GLO Discussion Paper Series 588, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    14. Robert Fairlie & Frank M. Fossen, 2022. "The early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on business sales," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 1853-1864, April.
    15. Bole, Velimir & Prašnikar, Janez & Trobec, Domen, 2014. "Policy measures in the deleveraging process: A macroprudential evaluation," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 410-432.
    16. Klaus Weyerstrass & Dmitri Blueschke & Reinhard Neck & Miroslav Verbič, 2023. "Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia: simulations with a macroeconometric model," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 50(4), pages 853-881, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Biswajit Banerjee & Jelena Ćirjaković, 2023. "The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Non-financial Corporate Sector in Slovenia," Working Papers 108, Ashoka University, Department of Economics.
    2. Tsuruta, Daisuke, 2024. "Bank credit to SMEs in Japan: Evidence from normal times, the global financial crisis, and the COVID-19 crisis," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    3. Hiroyuki Okamuro & Yasushi Hara & Yunosuke Iwaki, 2022. "Impact of Consumer Awareness and Behavior on Business Exits in the Hospitality, Tourism, Entertainment, and Culture Industries under the COVID-19 Pandemic," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Viral V. Acharya & Matteo Crosignani & Tim Eisert & Christian Eufinger, 2024. "Zombie Credit and (Dis‐)Inflation: Evidence from Europe," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(3), pages 1883-1929, June.
    5. Kochaniak, Katarzyna & Ulman, Paweł & Zajkowski, Robert, 2023. "Effectiveness of COVID-19 state aid for microenterprises in Poland," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 483-497.
    6. Edward I. Altman & Rui Dai & Wei Wang, 2024. "Global zombie companies: measurements, determinants, and outcomes," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 55(6), pages 723-744, August.
    7. Maximilian Gobel & Nuno Tavares, 2022. "Zombie-Lending in the United States -- Prevalence versus Relevance," Papers 2201.10524, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2022.
    8. Michael Landesmann & Sandra M. Leitner, 2015. "Labour Mobility of Migrants and Natives in the European Union: An Empirical Test of the 'Greasing of the Wheels’ Effect of Migrants," wiiw Working Papers 119, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    9. Daiji Kawaguchi & Sagiri Kitao & Manabu Nose, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on Japanese firms: mobility and resilience via remote work," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 29(6), pages 1419-1449, December.
    10. Albuquerque, Bruno & Iyer, Roshan, 2024. "The rise of the walking dead: Zombie firms around the world," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    11. Silvia Muzi & Filip Jolevski & Kohei Ueda & Domenico Viganola, 2023. "Productivity and firm exit during the COVID-19 crisis: cross-country evidence," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1719-1760, April.
    12. Luz A. Flórez & Leonardo Fabio Morales & Daniel Medina & José Lobo, 2021. "Labor flows across firm size, age, and economic sector in Colombia vs. the United States," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1569-1600, October.
    13. Cacciatore, Matteo, 2014. "International trade and macroeconomic dynamics with labor market frictions," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 17-30.
    14. Marat Ressin, 2024. "Small business development in stabilizing Alberta’s economy (Canada)," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-8, December.
    15. Masayuki Morikawa, 2023. "Productivity and wages of firms using COVID‐19‐related support policies," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 104(3), pages 202-213, May.
    16. Eleonora Cutrini & Federico Ninivaggi, 2024. "Pandemic crisis and firm survival: evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 51(2), pages 265-297, June.
    17. Leonardo Fabio Morales & Didier Hermida & Eleonora Dávalos, 2019. "Interactions between Formal and Informal Labor Dynamics: Revealing Job Flows from Household Surveys," Borradores de Economia 1090, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    18. Shen, Yu & Ren, Meixu & Zhao, Jingmei, 2023. "Bank competition and zombie company: Empirical evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 297-318.
    19. Luz Adriana Flórez & Leonardo Morales Z & Daniel Medina & José Lobo C, 2017. "Labour flows across firm´s size, economic sectors and wages in Colombia: evidence from employer-employee linked panel," Borradores de Economia 1013, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    20. Azhgaliyeva, Dina & Mishra, Ranjeeta & Long, Trinh & Morgan, Peter & Kodama, Wataru, 2022. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Households’ Business, Employment and School Education: Evidence from Household Survey in CAREC Countries," ADBI Working Papers 1335, Asian Development Bank Institute.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Covid-19; Sales outcome; FTE employment; Slovenia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure
    • F65 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Finance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:epolin:v:52:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s40812-024-00330-3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.