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Estimation and Specification Analysis of Models of Dividend Behavior Based on Censored Panel Data

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  • Kim, Byeong Soo
  • Maddala, G S

Abstract

Dividends move in discrete jumps. Moreover, some companies pay dividends, others do not. Both these aspects necessitate the use of limited dependent variable models in the analysis of dividend behavior. Models of dividend behavior usually ignore these problems and treat dividends as a continuous variable. This paper analyzes dividend behavior using panel data on 649 firms for 12 years (1976-87). The model used is a censored regression model which allows for firm-specific and time effects. It is estimated using the maximum likelihood method under three different error covariance specifications. Based on specification tests, it is argued that it is important to allow for the zero observations, industry effects, and firm-specific and time effects in the estimation of models of dividend behavior.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Byeong Soo & Maddala, G S, 1992. "Estimation and Specification Analysis of Models of Dividend Behavior Based on Censored Panel Data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 111-124.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:17:y:1992:i:1:p:111-24
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    Cited by:

    1. Darakhshan Younis & Attiya Yasmin Javid, 2014. "Market Imperfections and Dividend Policy Decisions of Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan," PIDE-Working Papers 2014:99, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    2. Ho-Chuan River Huang, 2001. "Bayesian analysis of the dividend behaviour," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(3), pages 333-339.
    3. Sven-Olov Daunfeldt & Carina Selander & Magnus Wikstrom, 2009. "Taxation, Dividend Payments and Ex-Day Price-Changes," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, vol. 13(1-2), pages 135-154, March-Jun.
    4. Al-Malkawi, Husam-Aldin Nizar & Bhatti, M. Ishaq & Magableh, Sohail I., 2014. "On the dividend smoothing, signaling and the global financial crisis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 159-165.
    5. Mahboubeh Bahreini & Cahit Adaoglu, 2018. "Dividend payouts of travel and leisure companies in Western Europe," Tourism Economics, , vol. 24(7), pages 801-820, November.
    6. Marco Belloni & Maciej Grodzicki & Mariusz Jarmuzek, 2022. "Why European Banks Adjust their Dividend Payouts?," IMF Working Papers 2022/194, International Monetary Fund.
    7. Tran, Quoc Trung & Alphonse, Pascal & Nguyen, Xuan Minh, 2017. "Dividend policy: Shareholder rights and creditor rights under the impact of the global financial crisis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 502-512.
    8. Lee, King Fuei, 2010. "Retail minority shareholders and corporate reputation as determinant of dividend policy in Australia," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 351-368, September.
    9. Al-Malkawi, Husam-Aldin Nizar & Ishaq Bhatti, M., 2020. "Are tests of dividend policy robust to estimation techniques: The case of an emerging economy?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 541(C).
    10. Kleff, Volker & Weber, Martin, 2005. "Payout Policy and Owners? Interests: Evidence from German Savings Banks," ZEW Discussion Papers 05-59, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    11. Athari, Seyed Alireza & Adaoglu, Cahit & Bektas, Eralp, 2016. "Investor protection and dividend policy: The case of Islamic and conventional banks," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 100-117.
    12. Viviana Fernández, 2005. "What Drives Capital Structure? Evidence from Chilean Panel Data," Documentos de Trabajo 200, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
    13. Viviana Fernandez, 2006. "Specification tests for a parsimonious random-effects model," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(15), pages 1009-1012.
    14. Fodil Adjaoud & Walid Ben‐Amar, 2010. "Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy: Shareholders’ Protection or Expropriation?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(5‐6), pages 648-667, June.
    15. Andualem Kassegn & Ebrahim Endris, 2022. "Factors affecting loan repayment rate among smallholder farmers got loans from the Amhara Credit and Saving Institution: In the case of Habru District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 25(1), pages 73-96, March.
    16. Kashif Imran, 2011. "Determinants of Dividend Payout Policy: A Case of Pakistan Engineering Sector," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 14(41), pages 47-60, September.
    17. Seyed Alireza Athari, 2021. "The effects of institutional settings and risks on bank dividend policy in an emerging market: Evidence from Tobit model," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 4493-4515, July.
    18. Fernandez, Viviana, 2014. "Stock volatility and pension funds under an individual capitalization-based system," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(4), pages 536-541.
    19. Monica Singhania & Akshay Gupta, 2012. "Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy: A Tobit Model Approach," Vision, , vol. 16(3), pages 153-162, September.
    20. Nicholas Bardsley & Peter G. Moffatt, 2000. "An Econometric Analysis of Voluntary Contributions," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 00-111/1, Tinbergen Institute.
    21. Fodil Adjaoud & Walid Ben-Amar, 2010. "Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy: Shareholders' Protection or Expropriation?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(5-6), pages 648-667.
    22. Ho-Chuan Huang, 2001. "Bayesian analysis of the SUR Tobit model," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(9), pages 617-622.
    23. Rój Justyna, 2019. "The Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy in Poland," Ekonomika (Economics), Sciendo, vol. 98(1), pages 96-110, June.
    24. Dialdin Osman & Elsaudi Mohammed, 2010. "Dividend Policy In Saudi Arabia," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 4(1), pages 99-113.
    25. Xuan Minh Nguyen & Quoc Trung Tran, 2016. "Dividend Smoothing and Signaling Under the Impact of the Global Financial Crisis: A Comparison of US and Southeast Asian Markets," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(11), pages 118-123, November.

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