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Towards E(lectric)- urban freight: first promising steps in the electric vehicle revolution

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  • J.H.R. van Duin
  • L.A. Tavasszy
  • H.J. Quak

Abstract

Innovative logistics service providers are currently looking for possibilities to introduce electric vehicles for goods distribution. As electrical vehicles still suffer from a limited operation range, the logistical process faces important challenges. In this research we advise on the composition of the electrical vehicle fleet and on the configuration of the service network, to achieve a successful implementation of electric vehicl es in the innercity of Amsterdam. A d ditional question in our research is whether the CO2 emission reduces at all or might even increase due to an increase of tripkilometres as a consequence of mileage constraint s by the bat teries . The aim of the implementation of the research is to determine the ideal fleet to transport a known demand of cargo, located at a central depot , to a known set of recipients using vehicles of varying types. The problem can be classified as a Fleet S ize and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem (FSMVRP). In addition to the regular constraints that apply to the regular FSMVRP, in our case also time windows apply to the cargo that needs to be transported (FSMVRPTW). The operation range of the vehicles is constrai ned by the battery capacity. We suggest modifications to existing formulations of the FSMVRPTW to make it suitable for the application on cases with electrical vehicles. We apply the model to create an optimal fleet configuration and the service routes. I n our research case of the Cargohopper in Amsterdam, the performance of alternative fleet compositions is determined for a variety of scenarios, to assess their robustness. The main uncertainties addressed in the scenarios are the cargo composition, the op eration range of the vehicles and their operation speed. Based on our research findings in Amsterdam we conclude that the current generation of electric vehicles as a part of urban cons olidation concept have the ability to perform urban freight transport efficiently (19% reduction in vehicle kilomet res ) and meanwhile have the capability to improve air quality and reduce CO 2 - emissions by 90% , and reduce noise nuisance in the in ner cities of our (future) towns.

Suggested Citation

  • J.H.R. van Duin & L.A. Tavasszy & H.J. Quak, 2013. "Towards E(lectric)- urban freight: first promising steps in the electric vehicle revolution," European Transport \ Trasporti Europei, ISTIEE, Institute for the Study of Transport within the European Economic Integration, issue 54, pages 1-9.
    • Handle: RePEc:sot:journl:y:2013:i:54:p:9
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    File URL: https://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/handle/10077/8875
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Salhi, Said & Rand, Graham K., 1993. "Incorporating vehicle routing into the vehicle fleet composition problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(3), pages 313-330, May.
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    1. Xiao, Yiyong & Zhang, Yue & Kaku, Ikou & Kang, Rui & Pan, Xing, 2021. "Electric vehicle routing problem: A systematic review and a new comprehensive model with nonlinear energy recharging and consumption," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    2. Ashu Kedia & Diana Kusumastuti & Alan Nicholson, 2019. "Establishing Collection and Delivery Points to Encourage the Use of Active Transport: A Case Study in New Zealand Using a Consumer-Centric Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-23, November.
    3. Mohammad Asghari & Seyed Mohammad Javad Mirzapour Al-E-Hashem, 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," Post-Print hal-03182944, HAL.
    4. Stanisław Iwan & Mariusz Nürnberg & Artur Bejger & Kinga Kijewska & Krzysztof Małecki, 2021. "Unloading Bays as Charging Stations for EFV-Based Urban Freight Delivery System—Example of Szczecin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    5. Rogge, Matthias & van der Hurk, Evelien & Larsen, Allan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2018. "Electric bus fleet size and mix problem with optimization of charging infrastructure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 282-295.
    6. Jose L. Arroyo & Ángel Felipe & M. Teresa Ortuño & Gregorio Tirado, 2020. "Effectiveness of carbon pricing policies for promoting urban freight electrification: analysis of last mile delivery in Madrid," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 28(4), pages 1417-1440, December.
    7. Asghari, Mohammad & Mirzapour Al-e-hashem, S. Mohammad J., 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    8. Lemardelé, Clément & Estrada, Miquel & Pagès, Laia & Bachofner, Mónika, 2021. "Potentialities of drones and ground autonomous delivery devices for last-mile logistics," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    9. Tharsis Teoh & Oliver Kunze & Chee-Chong Teo & Yiik Diew Wong, 2018. "Decarbonisation of Urban Freight Transport Using Electric Vehicles and Opportunity Charging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Liu, Dan & Kaisar, Evangelos I. & Yang, Yang & Yan, Pengyu, 2022. "Physical Internet-enabled E-grocery delivery Network:A load-dependent two-echelon vehicle routing problem with mixed vehicles," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    11. Samuel Pelletier & Ola Jabali & Gilbert Laporte, 2016. "50th Anniversary Invited Article—Goods Distribution with Electric Vehicles: Review and Research Perspectives," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(1), pages 3-22, February.
    12. Ajanovic, Amela & Haas, Reinhard, 2016. "Dissemination of electric vehicles in urban areas: Major factors for success," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P2), pages 1451-1458.
    13. Leise Kelli de Oliveira & Carla de Oliveira Leite Nascimento & Paulo Renato de Sousa & Paulo Tarso Vilela de Resende & Francisco Gildemir Ferreira da Silva, 2019. "Transport Service Provider Perception of Barriers and Urban Freight Policies in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-17, December.
    14. Jarosław Wątróbski & Krzysztof Małecki & Kinga Kijewska & Stanisław Iwan & Artur Karczmarczyk & Russell G. Thompson, 2017. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of Electric Vans for City Logistics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-34, August.
    15. Jakov Topić & Branimir Škugor & Joško Deur, 2022. "Receding-Horizon Prediction of Vehicle Velocity Profile Using Deterministic and Stochastic Deep Neural Network Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-20, August.
    16. Daniel Newman & Peter Wells & Ceri Donovan & Paul Nieuwenhuis & Huw Davies, 2014. "Urban, sub-urban or rural: where is the best place for electric vehicles?," International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(3/4), pages 306-323.
    17. Luigi Ranieri & Salvatore Digiesi & Bartolomeo Silvestri & Michele Roccotelli, 2018. "A Review of Last Mile Logistics Innovations in an Externalities Cost Reduction Vision," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    18. Behiri, Walid & Belmokhtar-Berraf, Sana & Chu, Chengbin, 2018. "Urban freight transport using passenger rail network: Scientific issues and quantitative analysis," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 227-245.

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