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Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Peter Bartelheimer

    (Soziologisches Forschungsinstitut (SOFI), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany)

  • Joan Miquel Verd

    (Centre d’Estudis Sociològics sobre la Vida Quotidiana i el Treball (QUIT), Institut d’Estudis del Treball (IET) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain)

  • René Lehweß-Litzmann

    (Soziologisches Forschungsinstitut (SOFI), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany)

  • Martí López-Andreu

    (Centre d’Estudis Sociològics sobre la Vida Quotidiana i el Treball (QUIT), Institut d’Estudis del Treball (IET) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain)

  • Tanja Schmidt

    (Soziologisches Forschungsinstitut (SOFI), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany)

Abstract

Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional’ unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default’, whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring’ supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d’argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d’activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l’Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l’accent sur l’activation, et l’Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d’activation. L’article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l’intervention institutionnelle sur l’éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d’autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d’argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l’emploi davantage axés sur l’orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle†Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities†), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise†chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau†an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Bartelheimer & Joan Miquel Verd & René Lehweß-Litzmann & Martí López-Andreu & Tanja Schmidt, 2012. "Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 18(1), pages 31-44, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:treure:v:18:y:2012:i:1:p:31-44
    DOI: 10.1177/1024258911431199
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. María A.Davia & Virginia Hernanz, 2004. "Temporary employment and segmentation in the Spanish labour market: An empirical analysis through the study of wage differentials," Spanish Economic Review, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 6(4), pages 291-318, December.
    2. Gert G. Wagner & Joachim R. Frick & Jürgen Schupp, 2007. "The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) – Scope, Evolution and Enhancements," Schmollers Jahrbuch : Journal of Applied Social Science Studies / Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 127(1), pages 139-169.
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