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Prevalence of mental disorders among people who are homeless: An umbrella review

Author

Listed:
  • Md Mahbub Hossain
  • Abida Sultana
  • Samia Tasnim
  • Qiping Fan
  • Ping Ma
  • E Lisako J McKyer
  • Neetu Purohit

Abstract

Background: Homelessness is a major problem that critically impacts the mental health and well-being of the affected individuals. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders among homeless people from evidence-based systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for umbrella reviews. We searched 12 major databases and additional sources to identify systematically conducted reviews and meta-analyses reporting the prevalence of mental disorders among homeless populations. Results: We evaluated 1,277 citations and found 15 reviews meeting our criteria. Most studies were conducted among high-income countries with samples from different age groups. Studies reported high prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, suicidal behavior, bipolar and mood disorders, neurocognitive disorders and other mental disorders among homeless people. Moreover, studies also reported a high burden of co-occurring mental and physical health problems among the homeless experiencing mental disorders. Conclusion: This umbrella review synthesized the current evidence on the epidemiological burden of mental disorders in homelessness. This evidence necessitates advanced research to explore psychosocial and epidemiological correlates and adopt multipronged interventions to prevent, identify and treat mental disorders among homeless populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Mahbub Hossain & Abida Sultana & Samia Tasnim & Qiping Fan & Ping Ma & E Lisako J McKyer & Neetu Purohit, 2020. "Prevalence of mental disorders among people who are homeless: An umbrella review," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(6), pages 528-541, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:66:y:2020:i:6:p:528-541
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764020924689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
    2. Hodgson, K.J. & Shelton, K.H. & Van Den Bree, M.B.M. & Los, F.J., 2013. "Psychopathology in young people experiencing homelessness: A systematic review," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(6), pages 24-37.
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    1. Kiran M. Sarma & Sarah L. Carthy & Katie M. Cox, 2022. "Mental disorder, psychological problems and terrorist behaviour: A systematic review and meta‐analysis," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(3), September.
    2. Andreia Neves Horácio & António Bento & João Gama Marques, 2023. "Personality and attachment in the homeless: A systematic review," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(6), pages 1312-1326, September.
    3. Bernard Austin Kigunda Muriithi, 2024. "Activity Performance Priorities for Adults Experiencing Homelessness: Insights from Management and Staff at a Transitional Housing Facility," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Tobias Schiffler & Ali Kapan & Alina Gansterer & Thomas Pass & Lisa Lehner & Alejandro Gil-Salmeron & Daragh T. McDermott & Igor Grabovac, 2023. "Characteristics and Effectiveness of Co-Designed Mental Health Interventions in Primary Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, January.
    5. Edson Chipalo & Ikenna Obasi Odii, 2025. "Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Homelessness in the United States," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 18(4), pages 1723-1747, August.
    6. Susan J. Gordon & Nicky Baker & Tania S. Marin & Margie Steffens, 2025. "Health Deficits Among People Experiencing Homelessness in an Australian Capital City: An Observational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(2), pages 1-16, January.
    7. Carrie Anne Marshall & Abrial Cooke & Julia Holmes & Jordana Bengall & Suliman Aryobi & Brooke Phillips & Rosemary Lysaght & Rebecca Gewurtz, 2024. "“It’s like your days are empty and yet there’s life all around”: A mixed methods, multi-site study exploring boredom during and following homelessness," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(5), pages 1-25, May.
    8. Saranrat Sadoyu & Kaniz Afroz Tanni & Nontaporn Punrum & Sobhon Paengtrai & Warittakorn Kategaew & Nattiwat Promchit & Nai Ming Lai & Ammarin Thakkinstian & Surachat Ngorsuraches & Mukdarut Bangpan & , 2022. "Methodological approaches for assessing certainty of the evidence in umbrella reviews: A scoping review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(6), pages 1-19, June.
    9. Susan J. Gordon & Nicky Baker & Tania S. Marin & Margie Steffens, 2024. "Health Status of People Who Are and Are Not Experiencing Homelessness: Opportunities for Improvement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(10), pages 1-12, October.
    10. Naina J Ahuja & Allison Nguyen & Sandra J Winter & Mark Freeman & Robert Shi & Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa & Catherine A Heaney, 2020. "Well-Being without a Roof: Examining Well-Being among Unhoused Individuals Using Mixed Methods and Propensity Score Matching," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-13, October.
    11. Kiran M. Sarma & Sarah L. Carthy & Katie M. Cox, 2022. "PROTOCOL: Mental disorder, psychological problems and terrorist behaviour: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), June.

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