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On the use of leading safety indicators in maritime and their feasibility for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships

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  • Krzysztof Wróbel
  • Mateusz Gil
  • PrzemysÅ‚aw Krata
  • Karol Olszewski
  • Jakub Montewka

Abstract

Although the safety of prospective Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships will largely depend on their ability to detect potential hazards and react to them, the contemporary scientific literature lacks the analysis of how to achieve this. This could be achieved through an application of leading safety indicators. The aim of the performed study was to identify the research directions of leading safety indicators in three safety-critical operational aspects of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: collision avoidance, intact stability, and communication. To achieve this, literature review is performed, taking into account scientific documents including journal and conference papers. The results indicate that the need for establishing operational leading safety indicators is recognized by numerous scholars, who sometimes make suggestions of what the set of indicators shall consist of. Some leading safety indicators for autonomous vessels are readily identifiable in the scientific literature and used in current practice. However, the research effort is lacking a holistic approach to the issue.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzysztof Wróbel & Mateusz Gil & PrzemysÅ‚aw Krata & Karol Olszewski & Jakub Montewka, 2023. "On the use of leading safety indicators in maritime and their feasibility for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 237(2), pages 314-331, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:risrel:v:237:y:2023:i:2:p:314-331
    DOI: 10.1177/1748006X211027689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Martha Grabowski & Premnath Ayyalasomayajula & Jason Merrick & Denise Mccafferty, 2007. "Accident precursors and safety nets: leading indicators of tanker operations safety," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(5), pages 405-425, October.
    2. Ramos, M.A. & Thieme, Christoph A. & Utne, Ingrid B. & Mosleh, A., 2020. "Human-system concurrent task analysis for maritime autonomous surface ship operation and safety," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    3. Montewka, Jakub & Goerlandt, Floris & Innes-Jones, Gemma & Owen, Douglas & Hifi, Yasmine & Puisa, Romanas, 2017. "Enhancing human performance in ship operations by modifying global design factors at the design stage," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 283-300.
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    5. Lutz Kretschmann, 2020. "Leading indicators and maritime safety: predicting future risk with a machine learning approach," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Govindaraj, T., 2008. "Characterizing performance in socio-technical systems: A modeling framework in the domain of nuclear power," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 10-21, February.
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    1. Gil, Mateusz & Montewka, Jakub & Krata, Przemysław, 2025. "Predicting a passenger ship's response during evasive maneuvers using Bayesian Learning," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).

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