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Uneven Bars? Looking for Environmental Microaggression Effects in NCAA Women’s Gymnastics

Author

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  • Tommy Morgan
  • Seth Cannon

Abstract

We study whether environmental microaggressions, a type of racial microaggression, go unaccounted for by coaches of NCAA Division I women gymnasts of color when competing at any given university hosting women’s gymnastics meets between 2015–2024. NCAA gymnastics meets provide an excellent setting to test for such an effect because, while scores are assigned individually, teams compete collectively, giving coaches incentives to set lineups optimally. We hypothesize that environmental microaggression effects would manifest as institution-specific racial gaps in scoring and employ a difference-in-differences model that quantifies such gaps, controlling for ability-, preparation-, and event-level factors that also contribute to scores. Across two specifications – first, comparing Black gymnasts to White gymnasts, and second, comparing White gymnasts to all other gymnasts – we find no convincing evidence that gymnasts’ scores are affected by an environmental microaggression effect in any way not accounted for prior to setting lineups.

Suggested Citation

  • Tommy Morgan & Seth Cannon, 2026. "Uneven Bars? Looking for Environmental Microaggression Effects in NCAA Women’s Gymnastics," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 27(2), pages 151-170, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:27:y:2026:i:2:p:151-170
    DOI: 10.1177/15270025251396501
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • Z2 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics
    • Z20 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - General

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