IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/enejou/v43y2022i5p71-92.html

Time-Varying Term Structure of Oil Risk Premia

Author

Listed:
  • Gonzalo Cortazar
  • Philip Liedtke
  • Hector Ortega
  • Eduardo S. Schwartzd

Abstract

We develop a framework to estimate time-varying commodity risk premia from multi-factor models using futures prices and analysts’ forecasts of future prices. The model is calibrated for oil using a 3-factor stochastic commodity-pricing model with an affine risk premia specification. The WTI oil futures price data is from the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and analysts’ forecasts are from Bloomberg and the U.S Energy Information Administration. Weekly estimations for short, medium, and long-term risk premia between 2010 and 2017 are obtained. Results from the model calibration show that the term structure of oil risk premia moves stochastically through time, that short-term risk premia tend to be higher than long-term ones and that risk premia volatility is much higher for short maturities. An empirical analysis is performed to explore the macroeconomic and oil market variables that may explain the stochastic behavior of oil risk premia, showing that inventories, hedging pressure, term premium, default premium and the level of interest rates all play a significant role in explaining the risk premia.

Suggested Citation

  • Gonzalo Cortazar & Philip Liedtke & Hector Ortega & Eduardo S. Schwartzd, 2022. "Time-Varying Term Structure of Oil Risk Premia," The Energy Journal, , vol. 43(5), pages 71-92, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:enejou:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:71-92
    DOI: 10.5547/01956574.43.5.gcor
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5547/01956574.43.5.gcor
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.5547/01956574.43.5.gcor?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kilian, Lutz & Baumeister, Christiane, 2014. "A General Approach to Recovering Market Expectations from Futures Prices With an Application to Crude Oil," CEPR Discussion Papers 10162, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    2. Jaime Casassus & Pierre Collin‐Dufresne, 2005. "Stochastic Convenience Yield Implied from Commodity Futures and Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(5), pages 2283-2331, October.
    3. Hong, Harrison & Yogo, Motohiro, 2012. "What does futures market interest tell us about the macroeconomy and asset prices?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(3), pages 473-490.
    4. Bernard, Jean-Thomas & Khalaf, Lynda & Kichian, Maral & Yelou, Clement, 2018. "Oil Price Forecasts For The Long Term: Expert Outlooks, Models, Or Both?," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(3), pages 581-599, April.
    5. repec:aen:journl:ej34-3-01 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Ramaprasad Bhar & Damien Lee, 2011. "Time‐varying market price of risk in the crude oil futures market," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(8), pages 779-807, August.
    7. Mihaela Manoliu & Stathis Tompaidis, 2002. "Energy futures prices: term structure models with Kalman filter estimation," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 21-43.
    8. Jefferson Duarte, 2004. "Evaluating an Alternative Risk Preference in Affine Term Structure Models," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 17(2), pages 379-404.
    9. Gonzalo Cortazar & Cristobal Millard & Hector Ortega & Eduardo S. Schwartz, 2019. "Commodity Price Forecasts, Futures Prices, and Pricing Models," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(9), pages 4141-4155, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Georges Prat & Remzi Uctum, 2024. "Risk premium, price of risk and expected volatility in the oil market: Evidence from survey data," Post-Print hal-04873466, HAL.
    2. Prat, Georges & Uctum, Remzi, 2024. "Risk premium, price of risk and expected volatility in the oil market: Evidence from survey data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cifuentes, Sebastián & Cortazar, Gonzalo & Ortega, Hector & Schwartz, Eduardo S., 2020. "Expected prices, futures prices and time-varying risk premiums: The case of copper," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    2. Gonzalo Cortazar & Cristobal Millard & Hector Ortega & Eduardo S. Schwartz, 2019. "Commodity Price Forecasts, Futures Prices, and Pricing Models," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(9), pages 4141-4155, September.
    3. Shao, Chengwu & Bhar, Ramaprasad & Colwell, David B., 2015. "A multi-factor model with time-varying and seasonal risk premiums for the natural gas market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 207-214.
    4. Cortazar, Gonzalo & Ortega, Hector & Rojas, Maximiliano & Schwartz, Eduardo S., 2021. "Commodity index risk premium," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    5. Andrés Mirantes & Javier Población & Gregorio Serna, 2015. "Commodity derivative valuation under a factor model with time-varying market prices of risk," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 75-93, April.
    6. Peilun He & Gareth W. Peters & Nino Kordzakhia & Pavel V. Shevchenko, 2024. "Multi-Factor Function-on-Function Regression of Bond Yields on WTI Commodity Futures Term Structure Dynamics," Papers 2412.05889, arXiv.org.
    7. Nguyen, Duc Binh Benno & Prokopczuk, Marcel, 2019. "Jumps in commodity markets," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 13(C), pages 55-70.
    8. Back, Janis & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Rudolf, Markus, 2013. "Seasonality and the valuation of commodity options," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 273-290.
    9. Mirantes, Andrés García & Población, Javier & Serna, Gregorio, 2013. "The stochastic seasonal behavior of energy commodity convenience yields," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 155-166.
    10. Chris Brooks & Marcel Prokopczuk, 2013. "The dynamics of commodity prices," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 527-542, March.
    11. Ron Alquist & Gregory Bauer & Antonio Diez de los Rios, 2014. "What Does the Convenience Yield Curve Tell Us about the Crude Oil Market?," Staff Working Papers 14-42, Bank of Canada.
    12. Yang, Fan, 2013. "Investment shocks and the commodity basis spread," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(1), pages 164-184.
    13. Prat, Georges & Uctum, Remzi, 2024. "Risk premium, price of risk and expected volatility in the oil market: Evidence from survey data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    14. Valenti, Daniele & Manera, Matteo & Sbuelz, Alessandro, 2020. "Interpreting the oil risk premium: Do oil price shocks matter?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    15. Remzi Uctum & Georges Prat, 2021. "Modeling ex-ante risk premia in the oil market," Post-Print hal-03513121, HAL.
    16. Naomi Boyd & Bingxin Li & Rui Liu, 2022. "Risk premia in the term structure of crude oil futures: long-run and short-run volatility components," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 1505-1533, May.
    17. Arismendi, Juan C. & Back, Janis & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Paschke, Raphael & Rudolf, Markus, 2016. "Seasonal Stochastic Volatility: Implications for the pricing of commodity options," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 53-65.
    18. Ellwanger, Reinhard, 2025. "The tail risk premium in the oil market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    19. Farkas, Walter & Gourier, Elise & Huitema, Robert & Necula, Ciprian, 2017. "A two-factor cointegrated commodity price model with an application to spread option pricing," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 249-268.
    20. Raphael Paschke & Marcel Prokopczuk, . "Integrating multiple commodities in a model of stochastic price dynamics," Journal of Energy Markets, Journal of Energy Markets.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:enejou:v:43:y:2022:i:5:p:71-92. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.