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Croissance et formation : le rôle de la politique éducative

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  • Eve Caroli

Abstract

[ger] Wachstum und Ausbildung: die Rolle der Bildungspolitik, . von Eve Caroli.. . In diesem Artikel wird ein erster Ansatz zur Erklärung der Beziehung zwischen Wachstum und Bildungspolitik vorgeschlagen. Zu diesem Zweck erweitern wir das von R. Lucas 1988 erstellte Modell, das einen der ersten Versuche zur Endogenisierang des Humankapitals in einem Wachstumsmodell darstellte. Unserer Hypothèse zufolge ist die Produktivität der Durchschnittszeit, die pro Individuum für die Ausbildung aufgebracht wird, hinsichtlich der Wachstumsrate des Humankapitals nicht von den Merkmalen des Bildungssystems unabhängig. Wir vermuten, daß es sich um eine steigende, aber saturierende Funktion der Ausbildungsrate handelt, die hier die exogène Variable der Bildungspolitik darstellt. Dementsprechend berücksichtigt der Ausdruck der Produktionsfunktion die Tatsache, daß die Ausbilder gerade Erwerbstätige sind, die die Zahl der im Sektor der Endproduktion Beschäftigten entsprechend mindern. Die Auflösung des Modells veranschaulicht, daß entlang des Pfads eines gleichgewichtigen Wachstums die Wachstumsrate der Wirtschaft eine steigende und danach abnehmende Funktion der Ausbildungsrate darstellt. Dies bedeutet, daß sich die Zunahme der Ausbildungsrate bei Überschreitung einer bestimmten Schwelle auf das Wachstum kontraproduktiv auswirkt. Folglich gibt es eine optimale Ausbildungspolitik. Diese variiert zudem je nach der Effizienz der Ausbilder, so daß man zu dem Schluß gelangt, daß die maximale Wachstumsrate, die die Wirtschaft erreichen kann, um so niedriger ist, je geringer die Qualität des Ausbildungspersonals ist bzw. je schlechter die Unterrichtsbedingungen sind. [fre] Croissance et formation : le rôle de la politique éducative, . par Eve Caroli.. . Nous proposons, dans cet article, une première approche de la relation entre croissance et politique de formation. Nous reprenons et étendons, pour ce faire, le modèle élaboré par R. Lucas en 1988 qui constitue l'une des premières tentatives d'endogénéisation du capital humain dans un modèle de croissance. Notre hypothèse est que la productivité du temps moyen par individu consacré à la formation - en termes de taux de croissance du capital humain - n'est pas indépendante des caractéristiques du système éducatif. Nous supposons qu'il s'agit d'une fonction croissante mais saturante du taux d'encadrement qui constitue ici la variable exogène de politique éducative. Corrélativement, l'expression de la fonction de production tient compte du fait que les formateurs sont autant d'actifs en moins dans le secteur de la production finale. La résolution du modèle met en évidence le fait que le long du sentier de croissance équilibrée, le taux de croissance de l'économie est une fonction croissante puis décroissante du taux d'encadrement. Cela signifie qu'au-delà d'un certain seuil, l'augmentation du taux d'encadrement est contre-productive en termes de croissance. Il existe donc une politique de formation optimale. Celle-ci varie de plus selon l'efficacité des enseignants et l'on conclut que plus la qualité du personnel enseignant est faible et/ou plus les conditions d'enseignement sont mauvaises, et plus le taux de croissance maximal que l'économie peut atteindre est faible. [spa] Crecimiento y formación: el papel de la política educativa, . por Eve Caroli.. . Proponemos en este artículo un primer enfoque de la relación entre crecimiento y política de formación. En esta perspectiva retomamos y extendemos el modelo elaborado por R.Lucas en 1988 que contituye una de las primeras tentativas de endogenización del capital humano en un modelo de crecimiento. Nuestra hipótesis es que la productividad del tiempo promedio por individuo dedicado a la formación- en términos de tasa de crecimiento del capital humano- no es independiente de las características del sistema educativo. Suponemos que es función, creciente pero saturante, de la tasa de encuadramiento que constituye una variable exógena de la política educativa. Correlativamente la expresión de la función de production toma en cuenta el hecho de que los formadores representan un número de activos que se debe descontar en el sector de la producción final. La resolución del modelo permite destacar el hecho de que a lo largo del sendero de crecimiento equilibrado la tasa de crecimiento de la economía es función creciente y luego decreciente de la tasa de encuadramiento. Este significa que a partir de un cierto umbral el aumento de la tasa de encuadramiento es contraproductiva en términos de crecimiento. Existe entonces una política de formación óptima. Esta varía incluso según la eficacia de los docentes y se concluye que cuanto más baja es la calidad del personal docente y/ o peores son las condiciones de la ensenanza, más baja resulta la tasa de crecimiento máximo que la economía puede alcanzar [eng] Growth and Training: The Role of Education Policies, . by Eve Caroli.. . This paper proposes a preliminary approach to the relation between growth and training policies. We use an extended version of the 1988 R. Lucas model, which was one of the first attempts at making human capital endogenous in a growth model. Our hypothesis is that the productivity of average per-capita training time - in terms of human capital growth rates - is not independent of the characteristics of the education system. We posit that it is an increasing, yet saturating, function of the training rate, which here is the exogenous variable in the education policy. Correlatively, the production function expression takes account of the fact that trainers represent so many staff less in the final production sector. The solving of the model shows that the economy's growth rate is an increasing and then decreasing function of the training rate all the way down the balanced growth path. This means that beyond a certain threshold, the increase in the training rate is counterproductive for growth. There thus exists an optimal training policy. This policy varies with the efficiency of the teachers. It is concluded that the lower the quality of the training staff and/or the poorer the teaching conditions, the lower the maximum growth rate able to be attained by the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Eve Caroli, 1994. "Croissance et formation : le rôle de la politique éducative," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 116(5), pages 49-61.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1994_num_116_5_5698
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1994.5698
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1994.5698
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    1. Card, David & Krueger, Alan B, 1992. "Does School Quality Matter? Returns to Education and the Characteristics of Public Schools in the United States," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(1), pages 1-40, February.
    2. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David Weil, 1990. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," Working Papers 1990-24, Brown University, Department of Economics.
    3. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer & David N. Weil, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 407-437.
    4. Rebelo, Sergio, 1991. "Long-Run Policy Analysis and Long-Run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(3), pages 500-521, June.
    5. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    6. Hanushek, Eric A, 1986. "The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 24(3), pages 1141-1177, September.
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    1. bouoiyour, jamal, 2000. "Relation éducation croissance économique au Maroc Long terme ou court terme? [Education and Economic Growth in Morocco: short-term or long term relationship?]," MPRA Paper 29162, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Sylvie Charlot, 1996. "Effects of public expenditures on economic development : a model of regional equilibrium [Les effets des dépenses publiques sur la croissance : un modèle d'équilibre régional]," Working Papers hal-01526935, HAL.

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