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Concurrence, innovation et croissance : un modèle de création non destructrice

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  • David Encaoua
  • David Ulph

Abstract

[eng] The main objective of this paper is to analyze the links between product market competition, innovation . and growth. We capture the idea that firms innovate in order to try to escape -albeit temporarily - from . the pressure of competition exerted on them by their rivals. There are two ways in which competitive . pressure can be thought of as a driving force to innovate. In leveled industries where all the firms have . access to the same technological knowledge, the greater is the intensity of competition between the neck . by neck firms the lower will be their current profits. Thus, as the competitive pressure increases, these . firms will devote a higher ft&D effort to obtain a leadership and escape from the unprofitable state. In . unleveled industries, where one firm has obtained a technological lead, the greater is the intensity of . competition, the lower will be the current profit of the laggard firm. This should increase the incentive . of this firm to eliminate its disadvantage by catching-up or leapfrogging the current leader. We assume . that if a laggard firm succeeds in innovating, it will either leapfrog the leader with some probability or . catch-up its technology with the complementary probability. The dynamics of industry are thus more . complex than in pure leapfrogging models. By using a quadratic R&D cost function, we investigate . how innovation and growth are affected in the stationary state by the intensity of competition and by . the probability of leapfrogging. [fre] L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier les liens entre concurrence, innovation et croissance. L'idée essentielle qu'on cherche à capturer est que l'incitation à innover traduit le désir des entreprises d'échapper à la pression concurrentielle sur leurs marchés respectifs. On suppose qu'en innovant, une entreprise possédant un retard technologique sur son concurrent peut dépasser celui ci avec une certaine probabilité ou simplement le rattraper avec la probabilité complémentaire. L'effort de recherche par la firme retardataire est d'autant plus important que la probabilité de dépassement est élevée et que la pression concurrentielle est forte. De même, lorsque des entreprises ont accès à la même technologie, chacune d'elles cherche à gagner le leadership et fournit pour cela un effort de recherche qui croît avec la pression concurrentielle. La dynamique industrielle qui résulte alors du processus d'innovation est plus complexe que celle présente dans les modèles de croissance endogène d'inspiration Schumpeterienne. Au lieu d'une succession de monopoles innovateurs distincts, on obtient des structures de marché qui oscillent entre des états de concurrence technologique frontale et des états de dominance technologique, l'identité du meneur et du suiveur technologiques pouvant alterner au cours du temps. On caractérise à l'équilibre stationnaire du modèle la proportion d'industries qui sont en concurrence technologique frontale et le taux de croissance de l'économie. En utilisant une fonction de coût quadratique de la recherche, on parvient à montrer que les impacts de ia probabilité de dépassement et de l'intensité de la pression concurrentielle sur le taux de croissance sont tous les deux positifs.

Suggested Citation

  • David Encaoua & David Ulph, 2000. "Concurrence, innovation et croissance : un modèle de création non destructrice," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 37(1), pages 155-176.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_2000_num_37_1_1293
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.2000.1293
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.2000.1293
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    References listed on IDEAS

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