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Socio-economic inequalities in high blood pressure and additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease among older individuals in Colombia: Results from a nationally representative study

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  • Philipp Hessel
  • Paul Rodríguez-Lesmes
  • David Torres

Abstract

Background: Studies in high-income countries have documented a consistent gradient between socio-economic status (SES) and high blood pressure (HBP), a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence from Latin American countries (LA) remains comparatively scarce and inconclusive. Data: Data for 3,984 individuals came from a nationally representative survey of individuals aged 60 years or above in Colombia (Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) (SABE) conducted in 2015. SES was measured by educational achievement and household assets. CVD risk factors included objectively measured HBP and body mass index (BMI), as well as behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetables intake, and physical activity). Methods: Bivariate methods and multivariate regression models were used to assess associations between SES with HBP as well as additional risk factors for CVD. Results: Individuals with lower SES have significantly higher risk of suffering from HBP. Compared to those with no formal education, individuals with secondary or post-secondary education have a 37% lower risk of HBP (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, P-value

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  • Philipp Hessel & Paul Rodríguez-Lesmes & David Torres, 2020. "Socio-economic inequalities in high blood pressure and additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease among older individuals in Colombia: Results from a nationally representative study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0234326
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234326
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mora-García, Claudio A. & Prem, Mounu & Rodríguez-Lesmes, Paul & Vargas, Juan F., 2025. "Health workforce reallocation in the aftermath of conflict: Evidence from Colombia," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    2. Brindley, Callum & Van Ourti, Tom & Bonfrer, Igna & O'Donnell, Owen, 2025. "Association of socioeconomic inequality in cardiovascular disease risk with economic development across 57 low- and middle-income countries: Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative indiv," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).

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