IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0168687.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Socioeconomic Inequality on Access, Adherence, and Outcomes of Antiretroviral Treatment Services for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam

Author

Listed:
  • Bach Xuan Tran
  • Jongnam Hwang
  • Long Hoang Nguyen
  • Anh Tuan Nguyen
  • Noah Reed Knowlton Latkin
  • Ngoc Kim Tran
  • Vu Thi Minh Thuc
  • Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
  • Huong Thu Thi Phan
  • Huong Thi Le
  • Tho Dinh Tran
  • Carl A Latkin

Abstract

Background: Ensuring an equal benefit across different patient groups is necessary while scaling up free-of-charge antiretroviral treatment (ART) services. This study aimed to measure the disparity in access, adherence, and outcomes of ART in Vietnam and the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) characteristics on the levels of inequality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1133 PLWH in Vietnam. ART access, adherence, and treatment outcomes were self-reported using a structured questionnaire. Wealth-related inequality was calculated using a concentration index, and a decomposition analysis was used to determine the contribution of each SES variable to inequality in access, adherence, and outcomes of ART. Results: Based on SES, minor inequality was found in ART access and adherence while there was considerable inequality in ART outcomes. Poor people were more likely to start treatment early, while rich people had better adherence and overall treatment outcomes. Decomposition revealed that occupation and education played important roles in inequality in ART access, adherence, and treatment outcomes Conclusion: The findings suggested that health services should be integrated into the ART regimen. Furthermore, occupational orientation and training courses should be provided to reduce inequality in ART access, adherence, and treatment outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Bach Xuan Tran & Jongnam Hwang & Long Hoang Nguyen & Anh Tuan Nguyen & Noah Reed Knowlton Latkin & Ngoc Kim Tran & Vu Thi Minh Thuc & Huong Lan Thi Nguyen & Huong Thu Thi Phan & Huong Thi Le & Tho Din, 2016. "Impact of Socioeconomic Inequality on Access, Adherence, and Outcomes of Antiretroviral Treatment Services for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0168687
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168687
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0168687
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0168687&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0168687?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wagstaff, Adam & Paci, Pierella & van Doorslaer, Eddy, 1991. "On the measurement of inequalities in health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 545-557, January.
    2. Braveman, P.A. & Cubbin, C. & Egerter, S. & Williams, D.R. & Pamuk, E., 2010. "Socioeconomic disparities in health in the united States: What the patterns tell us," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(S1), pages 186-196.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Thuc Thi Minh Vu & Thieu Van Le & Anh Kim Dang & Long Hoang Nguyen & Binh Cong Nguyen & Bach Xuan Tran & Carl A. Latkin & Cyrus S. H. Ho & Roger C. M. Ho, 2019. "Socioeconomic Vulnerability to Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-10, January.
    2. Bach Xuan Tran & Long Hoang Nguyen & Tung Thanh Tran & Carl A Latkin, 2018. "Social and structural barriers for adherence to methadone maintenance treatment among Vietnamese opioid dependence patients," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, January.
    3. Giang Thu Vu & Bach Xuan Tran & Chi Linh Hoang & Brian J. Hall & Hai Thanh Phan & Giang Hai Ha & Carl A. Latkin & Cyrus S.H. Ho & Roger C.M. Ho, 2020. "Global Research on Quality of Life of Patients with HIV/AIDS: Is It Socio-Culturally Addressed? (GAP RESEARCH )," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Bach Xuan Tran & Mercy Fleming & Tam Minh Thi Nguyen & Giang Thu Vu & Quan Hoang Vuong & Manh-Tung Ho & Nhue Van Dam & Thu-Trang Vuong & Ha Ngoc Do & Linh Phuong Doan & Carl Latkin & Cyrus SH Ho & Rog, 2019. "Changes in Substance Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviors over 12-Month Methadone Maintenance Treatment among Vietnamese Patients in Mountainous Provinces," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-12, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paul D. Juarez & Mohammad Tabatabai & Robert Burciaga Valdez & Darryl B. Hood & Wansoo Im & Charles Mouton & Cynthia Colen & Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan & Patricia Matthews-Juarez & Maureen Y. Lichtveld & D, 2020. "The Effects of Social, Personal, and Behavioral Risk Factors and PM 2.5 on Cardio-Metabolic Disparities in a Cohort of Community Health Center Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Guido Erreygers & Roselinde Kessels, 2017. "Socioeconomic Status and Health: A New Approach to the Measurement of Bivariate Inequality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Gerdtham, Ulf-G & Sundberg, Gun, 1996. "Measuring Income-Related Health Inequalities in Sweden," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 120, Stockholm School of Economics.
    4. Peng Nie & Andrew E. Clarck & Conchita D'Ambrosio & Lanlin Ding, 2020. "Income-related health inequality in urban China (1991-2015): The role of homeownership and housing conditions," Working Papers 524, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    5. Clarke, Philip & Van Ourti, Tom, 2010. "Calculating the concentration index when income is grouped," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 151-157, January.
    6. Roselinde Kessels & Guido Erreygers, 2016. "Structural equation modeling for decomposing rank-dependent indicators of socioeconomic inequality of health: an empirical study," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Costa-i-Font, Joan & Hernández-Quevedo, Cristina & Jiménez-Rubio, Dolores, 2012. "Do income gradients in unhealthy behaviours explain patterns of health inequalities?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 44302, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Lowe, Kate & Mosby, Kim, 2016. "The conceptual mismatch: A qualitative analysis of transportation costs and stressors for low-income adults," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1-8.
    9. Mussa, Richard, 2010. "Poverty and Inequality in Standards of Living in Malawi: Does Religious Affiliation Matter?," MPRA Paper 24438, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Bahram Sanginabadi, 2017. "Resource Abundance and Life Expectancy," Papers 1801.00369, arXiv.org.
    11. William Joe & U. S. Mishra & K. Navaneetham, 2009. "Inequalities in Childhood Malnutrition in India: Some Evidence on Group Disparities," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 417-439.
    12. Guido Erreygers & Roselinde Kessels & Linkun Chen & Philip Clarke, 2016. "Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequality of Health," EcoMod2016 9574, EcoMod.
    13. Odeyemi Gbenga A., 2015. "Understanding the Dynamics between Income and Health: Evidence Form African’s Richest and Poorest Countries," Journal of Public Policy & Governance, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 2(2), pages 56-67.
    14. Hannelore Grande & Patrick Deboosere & Hadewijch Vandenheede, 2013. "Evolution of educational inequalities in mortality among young adults in an urban setting," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(6), pages 825-835, December.
    15. Baochun Peng & Haidong Yuan, 2021. "Dynamic Fairness: Mobility, Inequality, and the Distribution of Prospects," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(4), pages 1314-1338, October.
    16. Kenya Valeria M. S. Noronha & M™nica Viegas Andrade, 2002. "Desigualdades sociais em saúde: evidências empíricas sobre o caso brasileiro," Textos para Discussão Cedeplar-UFMG td171, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
    17. Al-Shboul, Mohammad & Al Rawashdeh, Rami, 2022. "The impact of institutional quality and resources rent on health: The case of GCC," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    18. Tom Van Ourti & Philip Clarke, 2008. "The Bias of the Gini Coefficient due to Grouping," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-095/3, Tinbergen Institute.
    19. Richard Mussa, 2013. "Spatial Comparisons of Poverty and Inequality in Living Standards in Malawi," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 81(2), pages 192-210, June.
    20. Anna D’Ambrosio & Roberto Leombruni & Tiziano Razzolini, 2022. "Trading off wage for workplace safety? Gaps between immigrants and natives in Italy," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 39(3), pages 903-960, October.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0168687. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.