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Marginality, Social Exclusion, Labour Force Participation and Urban Poverty: A Case Study of Lahore, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Kanwal Zahra

    (Assistant Professor, UCP Business School, University of Central Punjab, Lahore)

  • Tasneem Zafar

    (Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, GC University, Lahore)

  • Mahmood Khalid

    (Research Economist, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.)

Abstract

Labour has always been considered as major source of income and livelihood, and the labour market of Pakistan which provides an important source to alleviate poverty and raise the standard of living. The characteristics of labour i.e. age, gender, location, caste and religion makes labour market highly segmented. And these factors often make buyer bias which indeed causes a discrimination and exclusion in labour market. This study tries to investigate the issue of social exclusion which has been faced by marginalised class in labour force participation. While analysing trends of marginalised labour force participation, the role of social networks also take into account. The marginalised labour force has been selected based on religion and gender (minorities, women, transgender) which is the part of formal and informal labour market of the city Lahore, Pakistan. The study use logit modelling to analyse the role of social exclusion and other determinants in labour force participation of marginalised class and also evaluate the role of labour force participation in the poverty status of marginalised households. Results show a strong effect of social exclusion on labour force participation and poverty.

Suggested Citation

  • Kanwal Zahra & Tasneem Zafar & Mahmood Khalid, 2016. "Marginality, Social Exclusion, Labour Force Participation and Urban Poverty: A Case Study of Lahore, Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 55(4), pages 521-540.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:55:y:2016:i:4:p:521-540
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. Kanwal Zahra & Tasneem Zafar, 2015. "Marginality as a Root Cause of Urban Poverty: A Case Study of Punjab," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 629-650.
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