IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/pbapdi/v15y2019i1d10.1057_s41254-018-0104-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Who are publics in public diplomacy? Proposing a taxonomy of foreign publics as an intersection between symbolic environment and behavioral experiences

Author

Listed:
  • Lisa Tam

    (Queensland University of Technology)

  • Jeong-Nam Kim

    (University of Oklahoma)

Abstract

Existing literature on public diplomacy has generally defined foreign publics as the global constituents with whom a country builds relationships through its public diplomacy efforts. However, not all foreign publics are the same; they represent a collection of separate public opinions. As such, foreign publics need to be segmented and differentiated in order for countries to strategically invest their resources and optimize public diplomacy outcomes. In light of this, this paper proposes a taxonomy which approaches the concept of foreign publics as an intersection between symbolic environment and behavioral experiences. By classifying foreign publics into four segments (i.e., ambassadorial, advocational, accusational, and adversarial), this paper explains the formation and characteristics of each segment of foreign publics, as well as their implications for a country’s public diplomacy efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa Tam & Jeong-Nam Kim, 2019. "Who are publics in public diplomacy? Proposing a taxonomy of foreign publics as an intersection between symbolic environment and behavioral experiences," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 15(1), pages 28-37, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:pbapdi:v:15:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1057_s41254-018-0104-z
    DOI: 10.1057/s41254-018-0104-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41254-018-0104-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41254-018-0104-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Angelo Giraldi & Ludovica Cesareo, 2017. "Film marketing opportunities for the well-known tourist destination," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 13(2), pages 107-118, May.
    2. Lippert, Steffen & Spagnolo, Giancarlo, 2011. "Networks of relations and Word-of-Mouth Communication," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 202-217, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. SunHa Yeo & Hyelim Lee & Alex Eschbach, 2024. "Measuring soft power via positive spontaneous actions of foreign publics: The harder power of voluntary experience, voluntary megaphoning, and general interest," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(2), pages 130-141, June.
    2. Kelly Vibber & Alessandro Lovari, 2022. "The overlooked public: examining citizens’ perceptions of and perceived role in hosting mega-events," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(2), pages 156-168, June.
    3. Biyun Zhu, 2023. "Tool selection for public diplomacy flagships: toward an adaptive model," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 42-53, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lippert, Steffen & Spagnolo, Giancarlo, 2008. "Internet peering as a network of relations," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 33-49, February.
    2. Vega-Redondo, Fernando & Pin, Paolo & Ubfal, Diego & Benedetti, Priscilla & Domínguez, Magdalena & Rubera, Gaia & Hovy, Dirk & Fornaciari, Tommaso, 2024. "Networking entrepreneurs," UC3M Working papers. Economics 43954, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    3. Daron Acemoglu & Alexander Wolitzky, 2015. "Sustaining Cooperation: Community Enforcement vs. Specialized Enforcement," NBER Working Papers 21457, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Javier Rivas, 2009. "Friendship selection," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 38(4), pages 521-538, November.
    5. Nava, Francesco & Piccione, Michele, 2011. "Efficiency in repeated two-action games with local monitoring," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 58062, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Heidrun Hoppe-Wewetzer & Christian Siemering, 2022. "Advertisement-financed credit ratings," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 46(1), pages 188-206, January.
    7. Balmaceda, Felipe & Escobar, Juan F., 2017. "Trust in cohesive communities," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 289-318.
    8. King, Maia, 2020. "The probabilities of node-to-node diffusion in fixed networks," SocArXiv dfq8y, Center for Open Science.
    9. Francesco Contò & Mariantonietta Fiore & Piermichele La Sala, 2012. "Quality of Life And Human Isolation: The Case of Rural Area of Puglia," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 6(2), pages 31-52, DECEMBER.
    10. Fernando Vega-Redondo & Paolo Pin & Diego Ubfal & Cristiana Benedetti-Fasil & Charles Brummitt & Gaia Rubera & Dirk Hovy & Tommaso Fornaciari, 2019. "Peer Networks and Entrepreneurship: a Pan-African RCT," Working Papers 648, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    11. Jackson, Matthew O. & Zenou, Yves, 2015. "Games on Networks," Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications,, Elsevier.
    12. Feinberg, Yossi & Kets, Willemien, 2014. "Ranking friends," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 107(PA), pages 1-9.
    13. Shijun Chai & Yang Chen & Bihong Huang & Dezhu Ye, 2019. "Social networks and informal financial inclusion in China," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 529-563, June.
    14. Javier Mejia, 2018. "Social Networks and Entrepreneurship. Evidence from a Historical Episode of Industrialization," Documentos CEDE 16380, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    15. Matthew O. Jackson & Brian W. Rogers & Yves Zenou, 2017. "The Economic Consequences of Social-Network Structure," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(1), pages 49-95, March.
    16. Polanski, Arnold, 2024. "Close-knit neighborhoods: Stability of cooperation in networks," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    17. Oguzhan Celebi, 2023. "Substitutability in Favor Exchange," Papers 2309.10749, arXiv.org.
    18. Ruiz-Palazuelos, Sofía & Espinosa, María Paz & Kovářík, Jaromír, 2023. "The weakness of common job contacts," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    19. Matthew O. Jackson & Tomas Rodriguez-Barraquer & Xu Tan, 2012. "Social Capital and Social Quilts: Network Patterns of Favor Exchange," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(5), pages 1857-1897, August.
    20. Eleonora Patacchini & Edoardo Rainone, 2017. "Social Ties and the Demand for Financial Services," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 52(1), pages 35-88, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:pbapdi:v:15:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1057_s41254-018-0104-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.