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Employee experience: conceptualization, scale development, and validation

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  • Pengcheng Yang

    (Shanxi University)

  • Suchuan Zhang

    (Shanxi University)

Abstract

As a novel thinking approach to human resource management, employee experience (EX) has become a critical strategic focus in fundamentally reframing the employment relationship. However, the construct definition and measures of EX have not been adequately addressed in the existing literature. Based on self-determination theory, this study provides a conceptual foundation for EX and emphasizes its conceptual uniqueness. Furthermore, through two phases (six studies) of the scale development procedure, we developed and validated a 20-item EX scale (EXS). Specifically, we first identified five dimensions of EX through three qualitative studies (Phase 1): work-related, interpersonal harmony, organizational management, professional development, and remuneration package. Subsequently, we validated the reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, predictive and incremental validity, and measurement invariance of the EXS through three quantitative studies (Phase 2). Our findings suggest that EX is related to similar constructs (job satisfaction, employee engagement, and workplace well-being) yet possesses unique characteristics and can significantly influence employees’ work-related consequences (turnover intention and organizational identification). Finally, the theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions of this study are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Pengcheng Yang & Suchuan Zhang, 2025. "Employee experience: conceptualization, scale development, and validation," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:12:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-025-04926-5
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04926-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xing Zhang & Micha Kaiser & Peng Nie & Alfonso Sousa-Poza, 2019. "Why are Chinese workers so unhappy? A comparative cross-national analysis of job satisfaction, job expectations, and job attributes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, September.
    2. Mohit Yadav & Nitin Simha Vihari, 2023. "Employee Experience: Construct Clarification, Conceptualization and Validation of a New Scale," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 12(3), pages 328-342, September.
    3. W. Batat, 2022. "The Employee Experience (EMX) Framework for Well-Being: An~Agenda for the Future," Post-Print hal-04452664, HAL.
    4. Del Ponte, Alessandro & Li, Lianjun & Ang, Lina & Lim, Noah & Seow, Wei Jie, 2024. "Evaluating SoJump.com as a tool for online behavioral research in China," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    5. Urmila Itam & Nitu Ghosh, 2020. "Employee Experience Management: A New Paradigm Shift in HR Thinking," International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP), IGI Global, vol. 11(2), pages 39-49, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pengcheng Yang & Suchuan Zhang, 2025. "Role-playing after 6 pm: conceptualization, scale development, and validation of formalistic overtime behavior in the Chinese workplace," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.

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