IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/assmgt/v25y2024i5d10.1057_s41260-024-00375-y.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Properties of risk aversion estimated from portfolio weights

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew Grant

    (The University of Sydney)

  • Oh Kang Kwon

    (The University of Sydney)

  • Steve Satchell

    (University of Cambridge)

Abstract

While risk tolerance is often elicited using questionnaire-based instruments, in this paper, we evaluate the merits of an inversion-based technique, wherein risk aversion parameters are inferred from an individual’s portfolio holdings and a sequence of realized returns. We obtain expressions for the finite sample and asymptotic variance of the estimated risk aversion parameter under the inversion approach with a single risky asset, demonstrating that confidence intervals for parameter estimates are relatively wide. Extending the analysis, we show that inferring risk aversion from multiple risky assets does not typically serve to reduce the estimated parameter variance, but rather propagates estimation error.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Grant & Oh Kang Kwon & Steve Satchell, 2024. "Properties of risk aversion estimated from portfolio weights," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(5), pages 427-444, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:assmgt:v:25:y:2024:i:5:d:10.1057_s41260-024-00375-y
    DOI: 10.1057/s41260-024-00375-y
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41260-024-00375-y
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41260-024-00375-y?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chalmers, John & Reuter, Jonathan, 2020. "Is conflicted investment advice better than no advice?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(2), pages 366-387.
    2. Victor DeMiguel & Lorenzo Garlappi & Raman Uppal, 2009. "Optimal Versus Naive Diversification: How Inefficient is the 1-N Portfolio Strategy?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(5), pages 1915-1953, May.
    3. Levon Barseghyan & Francesca Molinari & Ted O'Donoghue & Joshua C. Teitelbaum, 2013. "The Nature of Risk Preferences: Evidence from Insurance Choices," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(6), pages 2499-2529, October.
    4. Ben Gillen & Erik Snowberg & Leeat Yariv, 2019. "Experimenting with Measurement Error: Techniques with Applications to the Caltech Cohort Study," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 127(4), pages 1826-1863.
    5. Farrukh Javed & Stepan Mazur & Edward Ngailo, 2021. "Higher order moments of the estimated tangency portfolio weights," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 517-535, February.
    6. Maria Kosolapova & Michael Hanke & Alex Weissensteiner, 2023. "Estimating time-varying risk aversion from option prices and realized returns," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Yuanyuan Liu & Jian Zhou & Athanasios A. Pantelous, 2017. "Credibilistic risk aversion," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(7), pages 1135-1145, July.
    8. David Bauder & Taras Bodnar & Stepan Mazur & Yarema Okhrin, 2018. "Bayesian Inference For The Tangent Portfolio," Journal of Enterprising Culture (JEC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(08), pages 1-27, December.
    9. Thomas Dohmen & Armin Falk & David Huffman & Uwe Sunde & Jürgen Schupp & Gert G. Wagner, 2011. "Individual Risk Attitudes: Measurement, Determinants, And Behavioral Consequences," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 522-550, June.
    10. Kapteyn, Arie & Teppa, Federica, 2011. "Subjective measures of risk aversion, fixed costs, and portfolio choice," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 564-580, August.
    11. Bodnar, Taras & Parolya, Nestor & Schmid, Wolfgang, 2013. "On the equivalence of quadratic optimization problems commonly used in portfolio theory," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 229(3), pages 637-644.
    12. Pierre‐André Chiappori & Bernard Salanié & François Salanié & Amit Gandhi, 2019. "From Aggregate Betting Data to Individual Risk Preferences," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 87(1), pages 1-36, January.
    13. Kan, Raymond & Zhou, Guofu, 2007. "Optimal Portfolio Choice with Parameter Uncertainty," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 42(3), pages 621-656, September.
    14. Liran Einav & Amy Finkelstein & Iuliana Pascu & Mark R. Cullen, 2012. "How General Are Risk Preferences? Choices under Uncertainty in Different Domains," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(6), pages 2606-2638, October.
    15. Frijns, Bart & Koellen, Esther & Lehnert, Thorsten, 2008. "On the determinants of portfolio choice," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 373-386, May.
    16. Stephen Foerster & Juhani T. Linnainmaa & Brian T. Melzer & Alessandro Previtero, 2017. "Retail Financial Advice: Does One Size Fit All?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 72(4), pages 1441-1482, August.
    17. Sam Allgood & William B. Walstad, 2016. "The Effects Of Perceived And Actual Financial Literacy On Financial Behaviors," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 54(1), pages 675-697, January.
    18. Hans-Martin Von Gaudecker, 2015. "How Does Household Portfolio Diversification Vary with Financial Literacy and Financial Advice?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 489-507, April.
    19. Charles A. Holt & Susan K. Laury, 2002. "Risk Aversion and Incentive Effects," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(5), pages 1644-1655, December.
    20. Charles Noussair & Stefan Trautmann & Gijs Kuilen & Nathanael Vellekoop, 2013. "Risk aversion and religion," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 47(2), pages 165-183, October.
    21. Alessandro Bucciol & Raffaele Miniaci, 2011. "Household Portfolios and Implicit Risk Preference," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 93(4), pages 1235-1250, November.
    22. Taras Bodnar & Wolfgang Schmid, 2009. "Econometrical analysis of the sample efficient frontier," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 317-335.
    23. Kiss, Tamás & Mazur, Stepan & Nguyen, Hoang, 2022. "Predicting returns and dividend growth — The role of non-Gaussian innovations," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 46(PA).
    24. Mårten Gulliksson & Stepan Mazur, 2020. "An Iterative Approach to Ill-Conditioned Optimal Portfolio Selection," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 56(4), pages 773-794, December.
    25. Olivier Ledoit & Michael Wolf, 2019. "The power of (non-)linear shrinking: a review and guide to covariance matrix estimation," ECON - Working Papers 323, Department of Economics - University of Zurich, revised Feb 2020.
    26. Zhang, Lingyun, 2007. "Sample Mean and Sample Variance: Their Covariance and Their (In)Dependence," The American Statistician, American Statistical Association, vol. 61, pages 159-160, May.
    27. Okhrin, Yarema & Schmid, Wolfgang, 2006. "Distributional properties of portfolio weights," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 134(1), pages 235-256, September.
    28. Levon Barseghyan & Jeffrey Prince & Joshua C. Teitelbaum, 2011. "Are Risk Preferences Stable across Contexts? Evidence from Insurance Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(2), pages 591-631, April.
    29. Bodnar, Taras & Dette, Holger & Parolya, Nestor, 2016. "Spectral analysis of the Moore–Penrose inverse of a large dimensional sample covariance matrix," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 160-172.
    30. Robert B. Barsky & F. Thomas Juster & Miles S. Kimball & Matthew D. Shapiro, 1997. "Preference Parameters and Behavioral Heterogeneity: An Experimental Approach in the Health and Retirement Study," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(2), pages 537-579.
    31. J. Knight & S. E. Satchell, 2010. "Exact properties of measures of optimal investment for benchmarked portfolios," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(5), pages 495-502.
    32. Sendhil Mullainathan & Markus Noeth & Antoinette Schoar, 2012. "The Market for Financial Advice: An Audit Study," NBER Working Papers 17929, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    33. Elton, Edwin J & Gruber, Martin J, 1973. "Estimating the Dependence Structure of Share Prices-Implications for Portfolio Selection," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 28(5), pages 1203-1232, December.
    34. Kozubowski, Tomasz J. & Podgórski, Krzysztof & Rychlik, Igor, 2013. "Multivariate generalized Laplace distribution and related random fields," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 59-72.
    35. Raj Agrawal & Uma Roy & Caroline Uhler, 2022. "Covariance Matrix Estimation under Total Positivity for Portfolio Selection [Monotone Comparative Statics under Uncertainty]," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(2), pages 367-389.
    36. Hadar, Liat & Fischer, Ilan, 2008. "Giving advice under uncertainty: What you do, what you should do, and what others think you do," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 667-683, November.
    37. Angie Andrikogiannopoulou & Filippos Papakonstantinou & Francesca Cornelli, 2020. "History-Dependent Risk Preferences: Evidence from Individual Choices and Implications for the Disposition Effect," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(8), pages 3674-3718.
    38. Jonathan P. Beauchamp & David Cesarini & Magnus Johannesson, 2017. "The psychometric and empirical properties of measures of risk preferences," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 203-237, June.
    39. Martin Weber & Elke U. Weber & Alen Nosić, 2013. "Who takes Risks When and Why: Determinants of Changes in Investor Risk Taking," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 17(3), pages 847-883.
    40. Neil Hartnett & Paul Gerrans & Robert Faff, 2019. "Trusting Clients’ Financial Risk Tolerance Survey Scores," Financial Analysts Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 75(2), pages 91-104, April.
    41. Juhani T. Linnainmaa & Brian T. Melzer & Alessandro Previtero, 2021. "The Misguided Beliefs of Financial Advisors," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(2), pages 587-621, April.
    42. Lee, Miyoung & Kim, Daehwan, 2017. "On the use of the Moore–Penrose generalized inverse in the portfolio optimization problem," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 259-267.
    43. Charness, Gary & Gneezy, Uri & Imas, Alex, 2013. "Experimental methods: Eliciting risk preferences," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 43-51.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Galizzi, Matteo M. & Machado, Sara R. & Miniaci, Raffaele, 2016. "Temporal stability, cross-validity, and external validity of risk preferences measures: experimental evidence from a UK representative sample," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 67554, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Farrukh Javed & Stepan Mazur & Erik Thorsén, 2024. "Tangency portfolio weights under a skew-normal model in small and large dimensions," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 75(7), pages 1395-1406, July.
    3. Carole Treibich, 2015. "Are Survey Risk Aversion Measurements Adequate in a Low Income Context?," AMSE Working Papers 1517, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    4. Nicolás Salamanca & Buly A. Cardak & Edwin Ip & Joe Vecci, 2023. "Time-stability of risk preferences: A new approach with evidence from developed and developing countries," Discussion Papers 2305, University of Exeter, Department of Economics.
    5. Sophie Massin & Antoine Nebout & Bruno Ventelou, 2018. "Predicting medical practices using various risk attitude measures," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 19(6), pages 843-860, July.
    6. Marc A. Ragin & Benjamin L. Collier & Johannes G. Jaspersen, 2021. "The effect of information disclosure on demand for high‐load insurance," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 88(1), pages 161-193, March.
    7. Wan-Yi Chiu, 2024. "Portfolio Selection with Hierarchical Isomorphic Risk Aversion," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-22, October.
    8. Gürdal, Mehmet Y. & Kuzubaş, Tolga U. & Saltoğlu, Burak, 2017. "Measures of individual risk attitudes and portfolio choice: Evidence from pension participants," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 186-203.
    9. Michele Garagnani, 2023. "The predictive power of risk elicitation tasks," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 67(2), pages 165-192, October.
    10. Brunen, Ann-Christine & Laubach, Oliver, 2022. "Do sustainable consumers prefer socially responsible investments? A study among the users of robo advisors," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    11. Baeckström, Ylva & Marsh, Ian W. & Silvester, Joanne, 2021. "Variations in investment advice provision: A study of financial advisors of millionaire investors," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 716-735.
    12. Li Donni, P., 2010. "Risk Preference Heterogeneity And Multiple Demand For Insurance," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 10/17, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    13. Wang, Chou-Wen & Liu, Kai & Li, Bin & Tan, Ken Seng, 2022. "Portfolio optimization under multivariate affine generalized hyperbolic distributions," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 49-66.
    14. Holzmeister, Felix & Stefan, Matthias, 2019. "The Risk Elicitation Puzzle Revisited: Across-Methods (In)consistency?," OSF Preprints pj9u2, Center for Open Science.
    15. Joshua Tasoff & Wenjie Zhang, 2022. "The Performance of Time-Preference and Risk-Preference Measures in Surveys," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(2), pages 1149-1173, February.
    16. Gary Charness & Thomas Garcia & Theo Offerman & Marie Claire Villeval, 2020. "Do measures of risk attitude in the laboratory predict behavior under risk in and outside of the laboratory?," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 99-123, April.
    17. Sepahvand, Mohammad H & Shahbazian, Roujman & Bali Swain, Ranjula, 2018. "Does revolution change risk attitudes? Evidence from Burkina Faso," Working Paper Series 2019:2, Uppsala University, Department of Economics.
    18. Felix Holzmeister & Matthias Stefan, 2019. "The risk elicitation puzzle revisited: Across-methods (in)consistency?," Working Papers 2019-19, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universität Innsbruck.
    19. Murong Yang & Laurence S. J. Roope & James Buchanan & Arthur E. Attema & Philip M. Clarke & A. Sarah Walker & Sarah Wordsworth, 2022. "Eliciting risk preferences that predict risky health behavior: A comparison of two approaches," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(5), pages 836-858, May.
    20. Galizzi, Matteo M. & Miraldo, Marisa & Stavropoulou, Charitini & van der Pol, Marjon, 2016. "Doctor–patient differences in risk and time preferences: A field experiment," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 171-182.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Risk aversion; Estimation error; Financial advice; Portfolio weights;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:assmgt:v:25:y:2024:i:5:d:10.1057_s41260-024-00375-y. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.