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Utilidad del Deep Learning en la predicción del fracaso empresarial en el ámbito europeo || The usefulness of Deep Learning in the prediction of business failure at the European level

Author

Listed:
  • Romero Martínez, Mariano

    (Universidad de Valencia)

  • Carmona Ibáñez, Pedro

    (Universidad de Valencia)

  • Pozuelo Campillo, José

    (Universidad de Valencia)

Abstract

En este trabajo pretendemos constatar la utilidad de las redes neuronales del Deep Learning en la predicción del fracaso empresarial, en particular, de las redes de alimentación hacia adelante (feedforward neuronal networks, en inglés). Se trata de una metodología caracterizada por proporcionar muy buenos resultados en términos de capacidad predictiva cuando se dispone de grandes tamaños muestrales. Para ello hemos desarrollado un modelo de predicción empresarial en empresas europeas, basado en dicho algoritmo, sobre una muestra formada por 61.624 empresas de las cuales 12.128 fueron declaradas en concurso en 2016. Como variables independientes se han considerado ratios y magnitudes económico-financieras obtenidas de las cuentas anuales del año anterior a la fecha del fracaso. Deep Learning logra una capacidad predictiva del 94%, de manera que presentan una mayor propensión al fracaso aquellas que tienen un mayor tamaño y una solvencia menor. Los resultados que se presentan se han contrastado en una submuestra de comprobación independiente y diferente a la empleada para estimar el modelo. || In this paper we intend to substantiate the usefulness of Deep Learning, especially feedforward neuronal networks, in the prediction of business failure. This methodology provides very good results in terms of predictive performance when large sample sizes are available. Therefore, we have developed a business failure prediction model for European companies, based on this algorithm on a sample of 61,624 companies, of which 12,128 were declared bankrupt in 2016. As independent variables were considered ratios, and economic and financial data obtained from the financial statements for the year preceding the date of failure. Deep Learning achieves a predictive performance of 94%, where companies with larger size and lower solvency are more prone to failure. The obtained results have been tested on an independent test sample, different from that used to estimate and train the model.

Suggested Citation

  • Romero Martínez, Mariano & Carmona Ibáñez, Pedro & Pozuelo Campillo, José, 2021. "Utilidad del Deep Learning en la predicción del fracaso empresarial en el ámbito europeo || The usefulness of Deep Learning in the prediction of business failure at the European level," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 32(1), pages 392-414, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pab:rmcpee:v:32:y:2021:i:1:p:392-414
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.5172
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    fracaso empresarial; Deep Learning; aprendizaje automático; ratios financieros; modelo de predicción; business failure; Deep Learning; machine learning; financial ratios; prediction model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods

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