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Countercyclical Bank Equity Issuance

Author

Listed:
  • Matthew Baron
  • Itay Goldstein

Abstract

Over the period 1980–2012, large U.S. commercial banks raise and retain less equity during credit expansions, which amplifies their leverage. The decrease in equity issuance is large relative to subsequent banking losses. I consider a variety of explanations for why banks resist raising equity and find evidence consistent with the diminishment of creditor market discipline due to government guarantees. I test this explanation by analyzing the removal of government guarantees to German Landesbank creditors and find that creditor market discipline and equity issuance increase. These findings help explain why banks resist raising equity, making financial distress more likely.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew Baron & Itay Goldstein, 2020. "Countercyclical Bank Equity Issuance," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(9), pages 4186-4230.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:33:y:2020:i:9:p:4186-4230.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhaa008
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Yehning, 2022. "Bank interconnectedness and financial stability: The role of bank capital," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    2. Martin Goetz & Luc Laeven & Ross Levine, 2020. "Do Bank Insiders Impede Equity Issuances?," NBER Working Papers 27442, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Reiter, Michael & Zessner-Spitzenberg, Leopold, 2023. "Long-term bank lending and the transfer of aggregate risk," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Rancan, Michela & Cariboni, Jessica & Keasey, Kevin & Vallascas, Francesco, 2023. "Bond issuance and the funding choices of European banks: The consequences of public debt," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    5. Manuela M. Dantas & Kenneth J. Merkley & Felipe B. G. Silva, 2023. "Government Guarantees and Banks' Income Smoothing," Papers 2303.03661, arXiv.org.
    6. Anani, Makafui & Owusu, Felix, 2023. "Regulatory capital and bank risk-resilience amid the Covid-19 pandemic: How are the Basel reforms faring?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Faria-e-Castro, Miguel, 2021. "Fiscal policy during a pandemic," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    8. Tom D. Holden & Paul Levine & Jonathan M. Swarbrick, 2020. "Credit Crunches from Occasionally Binding Bank Borrowing Constraints," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(2-3), pages 549-582, March.
    9. Silva, Felipe Bastos Gurgel, 2021. "Fiscal Deficits, Bank Credit Risk, and Loan-Loss Provisions," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(5), pages 1537-1589, August.
    10. E. Chrétien & V. Lyonnet, 2017. "Traditional and Shadow Banks during the Crisis," Débats économiques et financiers 27, Banque de France.
    11. Reinhardt, Dennis & Sowerbutts, Rhiannon, 2015. "Regulatory arbitrage in action: evidence from banking flows and macroprudential policy," Bank of England working papers 546, Bank of England.
    12. Dieckelmann, Daniel, 2021. "Market sentiment, financial fragility, and economic activity: The role of corporate securities issuance," Discussion Papers 2021/6, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    13. Górajski, Mariusz & Kuchta, Zbigniew, 2024. "Are two financial frictions necessary to match U.S. business and financial cycles?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    14. Manuela M. Dantas & Kenneth J. Merkley & Felipe B. G. Silva, 2023. "Government Guarantees and Banks’ Income Smoothing," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 63(2), pages 123-173, April.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy

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