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Risk-Based Capital Requirements for Banks and International Trade

Author

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  • Banu Demir
  • Tomasz K. Michalski
  • Evren Ors

Abstract

We test the trade finance channel of exports by controlling for the bank credit channel. Using Turkey’s July 2012 adoption of Basel II as a quasi-natural experiment, we examine whether shocks to trade financing costs affect exports. With data for 16,662 Turkish exporters shipping 2,888 different products to 158 countries, we find that the share of letters-of-credit-based exports decreases (increases) when the associated risk weights for counterparty exposure increase (decrease) after the adoption of Basel II. However, growth of firm-product-country-level exports remains unaffected. Trade financing might have a lesser role in exports than previously suggested by the previous literature. Received October 26, 2014; editorial decision March 15, 2017 by Editor Philip Strahan.

Suggested Citation

  • Banu Demir & Tomasz K. Michalski & Evren Ors, 2017. "Risk-Based Capital Requirements for Banks and International Trade," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(11), pages 3970-4002.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:30:y:2017:i:11:p:3970-4002.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhx062
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    Cited by:

    1. Nazrul Hazizi Noordin & Mohamed Eskandar Shah Mohd. Rasid, 2024. "Trade Uncer ade Uncertainty and Bank Cr tainty and Bank Credit Gr edit Growth: E owth: Evidence fr vidence from China om China and the European Union Countries," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 27(2), pages 299-326, May.
    2. Fabrice Defever & Alejandro Riaño & Gonzalo Varela, 2025. "Evaluating the impact of export finance support on firm‐level export performance: Evidence from Pakistan," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(3), pages 1070-1091, August.
    3. Brancati, Emanuele, 2022. "Help in a Foreign Land: Internationalized Banks and Firms’ Export," IZA Discussion Papers 15458, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Fišera, Boris & Horváth, Roman & Melecký, Martin, 2025. "The effect of basel III implementation on SME access to financing in emerging markets and developing economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Andreas Hoefele & Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr & Zhihong Yu, 2016. "Payment choice in international trade: Theory and evidence from cross-country firm-level data," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 49(1), pages 296-319, February.
    6. Josephson, Jens & Shapiro, Joel, 2020. "Credit ratings and structured finance," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    7. Matthieu Crozet & Banu Demir & Beata Javorcik, 2022. "International Trade and Letters of Credit: A Double-Edged Sword in Times of Crises," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 70(2), pages 185-211, June.
    8. Lea Borchert & Ralph De Haas & Karolin Kirschenmann & Alison Schultz, 2023. "Broken Relationships: De-Risking by Correspondent Banks and International Trade," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_478, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    9. Gopalakrishnan, Balagopal & Jacob, Joshy & Mohapatra, Sanket, 2021. "Risk-sensitive Basel regulations and firms’ access to credit: Direct and indirect effects," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    10. Silvia Del Prete & Stefano Federico, 2020. "Do links between banks matter for bilateral trade? Evidence from financial crises," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 156(4), pages 859-885, November.
    11. Berthou, Antoine & Horny, Guillaume & Mésonnier, Jean-Stéphane, 2022. "The real effects of invoicing exports in dollars," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    12. Silvia Del Prete & Stefano Federico, 2019. "Does trust among banks matter for bilateral trade? Evidence from shocks in the interbank market," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1217, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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