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Kiedy dyktatura warunkuje przyspieszony rozwój gospodarczy

Author

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  • Marta Kightley

    (Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Katedra Ekonomii Politycznej i Historii Myśli Ekonomicznej)

Abstract

Artykuł porusza tematykę uwarunkowań przyspieszonego rozwoju gospodarczego. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, że dyktatura jest systemem, który na niskim poziomie rozwoju umożliwia przełamanie defektu koordynacji i tym samym efektywny wzrost. Autorka stwierdza, że dominująca we współczesnej ekonomii teza, iż demokracja jest warunkiem rozwoju gospodarczego, nie ma zastosowania do krajów, które dokonały „skoku gospodarczego”. W artykule omówiono mechanizm utrzymujący zacofanie ekonomiczne, jak również charakter i wymagania przyspieszonego rozwoju oraz pokazano, że pewne efektywne sposoby przełamywania defektu koordynacji wymagają warunków dyktatury. Kluczową rolę odgrywa tu charakterystyczna dla tego typu ustroju długookresowa perspektywa utrzymania władzy, dysponowanie pełnią narzędzi prawnych i wykonawczych, umożliwiające sprawne wprowadzenie programów rozwojowych oraz tak zwana autonomia państwa, w tym bardzo ograniczona rola wpływu na wprowadzane zmiany opozycji politycznej. Autorka podkreśla, że realizacja przyspieszonego rozwoju gospodarczego wiąże się z podejmowaniem niepopularnych decyzji, takich jak na przykład odkładanie korzystania z owoców wzrostu gospodarczego. Takie decyzje są często niemożliwe w warunkach demokracji. Powodzenie działań prorozwojowej dyktatury zależne jest jednocześnie od rzeczywistych zamierzeń władzy, jej trwałości oraz stosowania właściwej strategii rozwojowej. Argumentacja przedstawiona w artykule oparta jest na przypadku Korei Południowej, należącej do grupy krajów, które osiągnęły największy sukces rozwojowy w XX w.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Kightley, 2019. "Kiedy dyktatura warunkuje przyspieszony rozwój gospodarczy," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 50(3), pages 249-264.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbp:nbpbik:v:50:y:2019:i:3:p:249-264
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    przyspieszony rozwój gospodarczy; prorozwojowa dyktatura; gospodarki Azji Wschodniej; defekt koordynacji; ekonomia komparatywna;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • P50 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - General

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