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Observational evidence of increased afternoon rainfall downwind of irrigated areas

Author

Listed:
  • P. Greve

    (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon)

  • A. U. Schmitt

    (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon)

  • D. G. Miralles

    (Ghent University)

  • S. McDermid

    (New York University
    NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies)

  • K. L. Findell

    (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA))

  • A. García-García

    (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ)

  • J. Peng

    (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ
    Leipzig University)

Abstract

Irrigation plays a vital role in addressing the growing food demand of an increasing global population. It represents one of the most critical and direct human interventions on the coupled water and energy cycles. As irrigated farmland continues to expand, understanding the climate impact of extensive irrigation becomes increasingly important. Yet, the effect on rainfall patterns near irrigated areas remains unclear. Here, using two global, high-resolution, sub-daily precipitation datasets, we show that afternoon rain events occur more often 10 km to 50 km downwind and less often upwind of extensively irrigated land. However, we also find that the total amount of heavy afternoon rain downwind of irrigated areas is lower than upwind. Our results establish large-scale observational evidence of the local precipitation dynamics surrounding irrigated areas; these insights will help constrain the representation of these processes in next-generation climate and weather forecasting models and provide valuable insights for regional water management.

Suggested Citation

  • P. Greve & A. U. Schmitt & D. G. Miralles & S. McDermid & K. L. Findell & A. García-García & J. Peng, 2025. "Observational evidence of increased afternoon rainfall downwind of irrigated areas," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-58729-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58729-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wim Thiery & Auke J. Visser & Erich M. Fischer & Mathias Hauser & Annette L. Hirsch & David M. Lawrence & Quentin Lejeune & Edouard L. Davin & Sonia I. Seneviratne, 2020. "Warming of hot extremes alleviated by expanding irrigation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Nathaniel D. Mueller & Ethan E. Butler & Karen A. McKinnon & Andrew Rhines & Martin Tingley & N. Michele Holbrook & Peter Huybers, 2016. "Cooling of US Midwest summer temperature extremes from cropland intensification," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(3), pages 317-322, March.
    3. Benoit P. Guillod & Boris Orlowsky & Diego G. Miralles & Adriaan J. Teuling & Sonia I. Seneviratne, 2015. "Reconciling spatial and temporal soil moisture effects on afternoon rainfall," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-6, May.
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