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A Nemzeti Eszközkezelő szerepe a nem fizető adósok lakhatásának megőrzésében
[The role of the Hungarian National Asset Management Agency Ltd. in the preservation of non-performing debtors housing]

Author

Listed:
  • Fellner, Zita
  • Marosi, Anna
  • Szabó, Beáta

Abstract

A 2008-as globális válságot követő években a hazai lakossági adósok egy érdemi része nem tudta folytatni hiteleinek törlesztését. A leginkább rászoruló nem teljesítő jelzáloghitel-adósok lakhatásának megőrzése érdekében 2011-ben létrejött a Nemzeti Eszközkezelő (NET) Zrt. és az általa megvalósított eszközkezelői program. Az intézmény 2020 végén megszűnt, az ügyfelek jelentős része pedig kilépett a programból. A tanulmány célja, hogy részleteiben bemutassa a NET működését és ügyfeleit, elsősorban a bérlővé vált adósok helyzetén keresztül értékelve a programot. A kutatásban az intézmény vezetőivel folytatott szakértői interjúkra és a NET adminisztratív adatbázisára, valamint 1068 NET-ügyfél kérdőíves felmérésére támaszkodtunk. Eredményeink szerint a programban részt vevő ügyfeleknek az országos átlagnál alacsonyabb az iskolai végzettségük, és kedvezőtlenebb a jövedelmi helyzetük. Jórészt devizában adósodtak el, és helyzetük a válság miatti törlesztőrészlet-emelkedés és a munkaerőpiaci helyzet romlása, illetve a megtakarítások hiánya miatt vált kilátástalanná. Helyzetük javulását érdemben támogatta a NET-program, ugyanis mind a késedelmes lakbérfizetés, mind a lakásvesztés aránya minimális maradt körükben, a 2019-ben bevezetett kedvezményes visszavásárlás révén pedig 86 százalékuk újra ingatlana tulajdonosává vált. A programból vezető kiutak alakulását multinomiális logisztikus regresszióval vizsgáltuk. Eredményeink alapján a magasabb jövedelműek és a programba viszonylag későn belépők tudták nagyobb eséllyel visszavásárolni ingatlanukat. Ezen belül a többkeresős és többgyermekes háztartások, a magasabb iskolai végzettségűek és a kisebb tartozással rendelkezők nagyobb eséllyel tudták egy összegben visszavásárolni a lakást, mint részletre.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: D14, E51, R20.

Suggested Citation

  • Fellner, Zita & Marosi, Anna & Szabó, Beáta, 2022. "A Nemzeti Eszközkezelő szerepe a nem fizető adósok lakhatásának megőrzésében [The role of the Hungarian National Asset Management Agency Ltd. in the preservation of non-performing debtors housing]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(2), pages 199-229.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:2029
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2022.2.199
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kathleen Scanlon & Jens Lunde & Christine Whitehead, 2011. "Responding to the Housing and Financial Crises: Mortgage Lending, Mortgage Products and Government Policies," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 23-49.
    2. Mr. Jochen R. Andritzky, 2014. "Resolving Residential Mortgage Distress: Time to Modify?," IMF Working Papers 2014/226, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Fischer, Andreas M. & Yeşin, Pınar, 2022. "Foreign currency loan conversions and currency mismatches," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    4. Scanlon, Kathleen & Lunde, Jens & Whitehead, Christine M. E., 2011. "Responding to the housing and financial crises: mortgage lending, mortgage products and government policies," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 29948, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • R20 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - General

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