IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/poprpr/v34y2015i1p1-18.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Are Differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy by Gender, Race, and Education Widening at Older Ages?

Author

Listed:
  • Aïda Solé-Auró
  • Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
  • Eileen Crimmins

Abstract

To examine change from 1991 to 2001 in disability-free life expectancy in the age range 60–90 by gender, race, and education in the United States. Mortality is estimated over two 10-year follow-up periods for persons in the National Health Interview Surveys of 1986/1987 and 1996/1997. Vital status is ascertained through the National Death Index. Disability prevalence is estimated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 1988–1994 and 1999–2002. Disability is defined as ability to perform four activities of daily living without difficulty. Disability-free life expectancy increased only among white men. Disabled life expectancy increased for all groups—black and white men and women. Racial differences in disability-free life expectancy widened among men; gender differences were reduced among whites. Expansion of socioeconomic differentials in disability-free life at older ages occurred among white men and women and black women. The 1990s was a period where the increased years of life between ages 60 and 90 were concentrated in disabled years for most population groups. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Aïda Solé-Auró & Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez & Eileen Crimmins, 2015. "Are Differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy by Gender, Race, and Education Widening at Older Ages?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 34(1), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:34:y:2015:i:1:p:1-18
    DOI: 10.1007/s11113-014-9337-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11113-014-9337-6
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11113-014-9337-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vicki Freedman & Brenda Spillman & Patti Andreski & Jennifer Cornman & Eileen Crimmins & Ellen Kramarow & James Lubitz & Linda Martin & Sharon Merkin & Robert Schoeni & Teresa Seeman & Timothy Waidman, 2013. "Trends in Late-Life Activity Limitations in the United States: An Update From Five National Surveys," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(2), pages 661-671, April.
    2. Fred C. Pampel, 2002. "Cigarette Use and the Narrowing Sex Differential in Mortality," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 28(1), pages 77-104, March.
    3. David M. Cutler & Fabian Lange & Ellen Meara & Seth Richards & Christopher J. Ruhm, 2010. "Explaining the Rise in Educational Gradients in Mortality," NBER Working Papers 15678, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Mark Hayward & Melonie Heron, 1999. "Racial inequality in active life among adult americans," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 36(1), pages 77-91, February.
    5. Scott E. Harrington, 2010. "U.S. Health‐care Reform: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 77(3), pages 703-708, September.
    6. Seeman, T.E. & Merkin, S.S. & Crimmins, E.M. & Karlamangla, A.S., 2010. "Disability trends among older Americans: National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(1), pages 100-107.
    7. Liming Cai & James Lubitz, 2007. "Was there compression of disability for older Americans from 1992 to 2003?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 44(3), pages 479-495, August.
    8. Robert F. Schoeni & Vicki A. Freedman & Linda G. Martin, 2009. "Socioeconomic and Demographic Disparties in Trends in Old-Age Disability," NBER Chapters, in: Health at Older Ages: The Causes and Consequences of Declining Disability among the Elderly, pages 75-102, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Michael Geruso, 2012. "Black-White Disparities in Life Expectancy: How Much Can the Standard SES Variables Explain?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(2), pages 553-574, May.
    10. Haas, Steven & Rohlfsen, Leah, 2010. "Life course determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in functional health trajectories," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 240-250, January.
    11. David M. Cutler & David A. Wise, 2009. "Health at Older Ages: The Causes and Consequences of Declining Disability among the Elderly," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number cutl08-1.
    12. Kenneth G. Manton & XiLiang Gu & Gene R. Lowrimore, 2008. "Cohort Changes in Active Life Expectancy in the U.S. Elderly Population: Experience From the 1982–2004 National Long-Term Care Survey," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 63(5), pages 269-281.
    13. Kraut, A. & Chan, E. & Landrigan, P.J., 1992. "The costs of searching for deaths: National Death Index vs Social Security Administration [3]," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(5), pages 760-761.
    14. Eileen Crimmins & Mark Hayward & Yasuhiko Saito, 1994. "Changing mortality and morbidity rates and the health status and life expectancy of the older population," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 31(1), pages 159-175, February.
    15. Crimmins, Eileen M. & Saito, Yasuhiko, 2001. "Trends in healthy life expectancy in the United States, 1970-1990: gender, racial, and educational differences," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 52(11), pages 1629-1641, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aïda Solé-Auró & Manuela Alcañiz, 2015. "Is the educational health gap increasing for women? Results from Catalonia(Spain)," Working Papers 2015-06, Universitat de Barcelona, UB Riskcenter.
    2. Zachary Zimmer & Yasuhiko Saito & Olga Theou & Clove Haviva & Kenneth Rockwood, 2021. "Education, wealth, and duration of life expected in various degrees of frailty," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 393-404, September.
    3. Alejandra Marroig, 2023. "Transitions across states with and without difficulties in performing activities of daily living and death: a longitudinal comparison of ten European countries," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Gupta, Aashish & Sudharsanan, Nikkil, 2020. "Large and persistent life expectancy disparities among India’s social groups," SocArXiv hu8t9, Center for Open Science.
    5. Ang, Shannon, 2019. "Intersectional cohort change: Disparities in mobility limitations among older Singaporeans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 223-231.
    6. Donata Stonkute & Angelo Lorenti & Jeroen J. A. Spijker, 2023. "Educational disparities in disability-free life expectancy across Europe: a focus on the East-West gaps from a gender perspective," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2023-028, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    7. Connor Sheehan & Anna Zajacova & Dylan Connor & Jennifer Karas Montez, 2022. "State-Level Variation in the Association Between Educational Attainment and Sleep," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(3), pages 1137-1160, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michael Chernew & David M. Cutler & Kaushik Ghosh & Mary Beth Landrum, 2016. "Understanding the Improvement in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in the US Elderly Population," NBER Chapters, in: Insights in the Economics of Aging, pages 161-201, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Zajacova, Anna & Montez, Jennifer Karas, 2018. "Explaining the increasing disability prevalence among mid-life US adults, 2002 to 2016," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 1-8.
    3. Jennifer Montez & Mark Hayward, 2014. "Cumulative Childhood Adversity, Educational Attainment, and Active Life Expectancy Among U.S. Adults," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(2), pages 413-435, April.
    4. Benedetta Pongiglione & Bianca L De Stavola & George B Ploubidis, 2015. "A Systematic Literature Review of Studies Analyzing Inequalities in Health Expectancy among the Older Population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Shengwei Wang & Songbo Hu & Pei Wang & Yuhang Wu & Zhitao Liu & Huilie Zheng, 2021. "Disability-Free Life Expectancy among People Over 60 Years Old by Sex, Urban and Rural Areas in Jiangxi Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-11, April.
    6. Ariane Ophir & Jessica Polos, 2022. "Care Life Expectancy: Gender and Unpaid Work in the Context of Population Aging," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(1), pages 197-227, February.
    7. Mark Hayward & Robert Hummer & Chi-Tsun Chiu & César González-González & Rebeca Wong, 2014. "Does the Hispanic Paradox in U.S. Adult Mortality Extend to Disability?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 33(1), pages 81-96, February.
    8. Heger, Dörte & Kolodziej, Ingo W.K., 2016. "Changes in morbidity over time: Evidence from Europe," Ruhr Economic Papers 640, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    9. Christian Dudel & Mikko Myrskylä, 2016. "Recent trends in US working life expectancy at age 50 by gender, education, and race/ethnicity and the impact of the Great Recession," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2016-006, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    10. David E. Bloom & Dara Lee Luca, 2016. "The Global Demography of Aging: Facts, Explanations, Future," PGDA Working Papers 13016, Program on the Global Demography of Aging.
    11. Bloom, D.E. & Luca, D.L., 2016. "The Global Demography of Aging," Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, in: Piggott, John & Woodland, Alan (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 3-56, Elsevier.
    12. Jeremy Pais, 2014. "Cumulative Structural Disadvantage and Racial Health Disparities: The Pathways of Childhood Socioeconomic Influence," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(5), pages 1729-1753, October.
    13. Ang, Shannon, 2019. "Intersectional cohort change: Disparities in mobility limitations among older Singaporeans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 223-231.
    14. Evelyn J. Patterson & Andréa Becker & Darwin A. Baluran, 2022. "Gendered Racism on the Body: An Intersectional Approach to Maternal Mortality in the United States," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(3), pages 1261-1294, June.
    15. Nicholas J. Bishop & Natalie D. Eggum-Wilkens & Steven A. Haas & Jennie J. Kronenfeld, 2016. "Estimating the Co-Development of Cognitive Decline and Physical Mobility Limitations in Older U.S. Adults," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(2), pages 337-364, April.
    16. Newton, Nicky J. & Ryan, Lindsay H. & King, Rachel T. & Smith, Jacqui, 2014. "Cohort differences in the marriage–health relationship for midlife women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 64-72.
    17. Nicolas Sirven, 2012. "On the Socio-Economic Determinants of Frailty: Findings from Panel and Retrospective Data from SHARE," Working Papers DT52, IRDES institut for research and information in health economics, revised Dec 2012.
    18. Liming Cai & Mark D. Hayward & Yasuhiko Saito & James Lubitz & Aaron Hagedorn & Eileen Crimmins, 2010. "Estimation of multi-state life table functions and their variability from complex survey data using the SPACE Program," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 22(6), pages 129-158.
    19. Melonie P. Heron & Leo S. Morales, 2002. "Latino Health, Nativity and Socioeconomic Status," Working Papers 02-06, RAND Corporation.
    20. Qiang Li & Zhen Zhang, 2018. "Age trajectories of independence in daily living among the oldest old in China," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 393-406, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:34:y:2015:i:1:p:1-18. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.