IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/compec/v65y2025i6d10.1007_s10614-024-10693-3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Deep Learning for Solving and Estimating Dynamic Macro-finance Models

Author

Listed:
  • Benjamin Fan

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Edward Qiao

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Anran Jiao

    (Yale University)

  • Zhouzhou Gu

    (Princeton University)

  • Wenhao Li

    (University of Southern California)

  • Lu Lu

    (Yale University)

Abstract

We develop a methodology that utilizes deep learning to simultaneously solve and estimate canonical continuous-time general equilibrium models in financial economics. We illustrate our method in two examples: (1) industrial dynamics of firms and (2) macroeconomic models with financial frictions. Through these applications, we illustrate the advantages of our method: generality, simultaneous solution and estimation, leveraging the state-of-art machine-learning techniques, and handling large state space. The method is versatile and can be applied to a vast variety of problems.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Fan & Edward Qiao & Anran Jiao & Zhouzhou Gu & Wenhao Li & Lu Lu, 2025. "Deep Learning for Solving and Estimating Dynamic Macro-finance Models," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 65(6), pages 3885-3921, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:kap:compec:v:65:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s10614-024-10693-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10614-024-10693-3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10614-024-10693-3
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10614-024-10693-3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gregor Matvos & Amit Seru, 2014. "Resource Allocation within Firms and Financial Market Dislocation: Evidence from Diversified Conglomerates," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(4), pages 1143-1189.
    2. Hui Chen & Antoine Didisheim & Simon Scheidegger, 2021. "Deep Structural Estimation:With an Application to Option Pricing," Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'économie 21.14, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, Département d’économie.
    3. Joao Gomes & Leonid Kogan & Lu Zhang, 2003. "Equilibrium Cross Section of Returns," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(4), pages 693-732, August.
    4. Xavier Gabaix & Jean‐Michel Lasry & Pierre‐Louis Lions & Benjamin Moll, 2016. "The Dynamics of Inequality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 84, pages 2071-2111, November.
    5. Markus K. Brunnermeier & Yuliy Sannikov, 2014. "A Macroeconomic Model with a Financial Sector," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(2), pages 379-421, February.
    6. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2018. "A Model of Monetary Policy and Risk Premia," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(1), pages 317-373, February.
    7. Kendrick, David A., 2005. "Stochastic control for economic models: past, present and the paths ahead," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 29(1-2), pages 3-30, January.
    8. Zhiguo He & Arvind Krishnamurthy, 2013. "Intermediary Asset Pricing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(2), pages 732-770, April.
    9. Xiang Wang & Jessica Li & Jichun Li, 2023. "A Deep Learning Based Numerical PDE Method for Option Pricing," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(1), pages 149-164, June.
    10. Shihao Gu & Bryan Kelly & Dacheng Xiu, 2020. "Empirical Asset Pricing via Machine Learning," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 33(5), pages 2223-2273.
    11. Christopher A. Hennessy & Toni M. Whited, 2007. "How Costly Is External Financing? Evidence from a Structural Estimation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(4), pages 1705-1745, August.
    12. Brunnermeier, Markus & Sannikov, Yuliy, 2016. "Macro, Money and Finance: A Continuous Time Approach," CEPR Discussion Papers 11329, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    13. Leland, Hayne E, 1994. "Corporate Debt Value, Bond Covenants, and Optimal Capital Structure," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1213-1252, September.
    14. Sebastian Di Tella, 2019. "Optimal Regulation of Financial Intermediaries," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(1), pages 271-313, January.
    15. Marlon Azinovic & Luca Gaegauf & Simon Scheidegger, 2022. "Deep Equilibrium Nets," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 63(4), pages 1471-1525, November.
    16. Shihao Gu & Bryan Kelly & Dacheng Xiu, 2020. "Empirical Asset Pricing via Machine Learning," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(5), pages 2223-2273.
    17. Alireza Yazdani & Lu Lu & Maziar Raissi & George Em Karniadakis, 2020. "Systems biology informed deep learning for inferring parameters and hidden dynamics," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(11), pages 1-19, November.
    18. Mark Gertler & Nobuhiro Kiyotaki, 2015. "Banking, Liquidity, and Bank Runs in an Infinite Horizon Economy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(7), pages 2011-2043, July.
    19. Hopenhayn, Hugo A, 1992. "Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(5), pages 1127-1150, September.
    20. Markus K. Brunnermeier & Yuliy Sannikov, 2012. "A macroeconomic model with a financial sector," Working Paper Research 236, National Bank of Belgium.
    21. An, Ping & Yu, Mengxuan, 2018. "Neglected part of shadow banking in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 211-236.
    22. Krishnamurthy, Arvind & Li, Wenhao, 2020. "Dissecting Mechanisms of Financial Crises: Intermediation and Sentiment," Research Papers 3874, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    23. Zhouzhou Gu & Mathieu Laurière & Sebastian Merkel & Jonathan Payne, 2023. "Deep Learning Solutions to Master Equations for Continuous Time Heterogeneous Agent Macroeconomic Models," Working Papers 2023-19, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    24. Maliar, Lilia & Maliar, Serguei & Winant, Pablo, 2021. "Deep learning for solving dynamic economic models," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 76-101.
    25. Peter Maxted, 2024. "A Macro-Finance Model with Sentiment," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 91(1), pages 438-475.
    26. Toni M. Whited & Guojun Wu, 2006. "Financial Constraints Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 19(2), pages 531-559.
    27. Huang, Ji, 2018. "Banking and shadow banking," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 124-152.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Benjamin Fan & Edward Qiao & Anran Jiao & Zhouzhou Gu & Wenhao Li & Lu Lu, 2023. "Deep Learning for Solving and Estimating Dynamic Macro-Finance Models," Papers 2305.09783, arXiv.org.
    2. Victor Duarte & Diogo Duarte & Dejanir H. Silva, 2024. "Machine Learning for Continuous-Time Finance," CESifo Working Paper Series 10909, CESifo.
    3. Paymon Khorrami & Fernando Mendo, 2021. "Rational Sentiments and Financial Frictions," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 928, Central Bank of Chile.
    4. Andrea Ajello & Nina Boyarchenko & François Gourio & Andrea Tambalotti, 2022. "Financial Stability Considerations for Monetary Policy: Theoretical Mechanisms," Staff Reports 1002, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    5. Markus K. Brunnermeier, 2024. "Presidential Address: Macrofinance and Resilience," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(6), pages 3683-3728, December.
    6. Bolton, Patrick & Li, Ye & Wang, Neng & Yang, Jinqiang, 2020. "Dynamic Banking and the Value of Deposits," Working Paper Series 2020-13, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    7. Ozdagli, Ali & Velikov, Mihail, 2020. "Show me the money: The monetary policy risk premium," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(2), pages 320-339.
    8. Mao, Jie & Shen, Guanxiong & Yan, Jingzhou, 2023. "A continuous-time macro-finance model with Knightian uncertainty," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    9. Hu, Weiping & Li, Kai & Zhang, Xiao, 2024. "Financial constraints, cash flow timing patterns, and asset prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    10. Sang Rae Kim, 2024. "Financial Crisis as a Run on Profitable Banks," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 25(1), pages 213-250, May.
    11. Adrien D'Avernas & Quentin Vandeweyer, 2024. "Treasury Bill Shortages and the Pricing of Short‐Term Assets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(6), pages 4083-4141, December.
    12. Christian Bittner & Diana Bonfim & Florian Heider & Farzad Saidi & Glenn Schepens & Carla Soares, 2022. "The Augmented Bank Balance-Sheet Channel of Monetary Policy," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 149, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    13. Han, Leyla Jianyu & Kasa, Kenneth & Luo, Yulei, 2024. "Ambiguity, information processing, and financial intermediation," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    14. Greg Buchak & Gregor Matvos & Tomasz Piskorski & Amit Seru, 2024. "Aggregate Lending and Modern Financial Intermediation: Why Bank Balance Sheet Models Are Miscalibrated," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(1), pages 239-287.
    15. Coimbra, Nuno, 2020. "Sovereigns at risk: A dynamic model of sovereign debt and banking leverage," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    16. Liu, Xuewen & Wang, Pengfei & Yang, Zhongchao, 2024. "Delayed crises and slow recoveries," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    17. Mark Egan & Ali Hortaçsu & Gregor Matvos, 2017. "Deposit Competition and Financial Fragility: Evidence from the US Banking Sector," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(1), pages 169-216, January.
    18. Du, Wenxin & Hébert, Benjamin & Li, Wenhao, 2023. "Intermediary balance sheets and the treasury yield curve," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(3).
    19. Krishnamurthy, Arvind & Li, Wenhao, 2020. "Dissecting Mechanisms of Financial Crises: Intermediation and Sentiment," Research Papers 3874, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    20. Bolton, Patrick & Wang, Neng & Yang, Jinqiang, 2019. "Investment under uncertainty with financial constraints," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:compec:v:65:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s10614-024-10693-3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.