Examining the Relationship between Efficiency and Capital Adequacy Ratio: Islamic versus Conventional Banks --- An Empirical Evidence on Egyptian Banks

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the efficiency of banks in Egypt and capital adequacy ratios. We collected data on a sample of 40 banks comprising Islamic banks, conventional and conventional banks with Islamic windows pre and post the global financial crisis from year 2002 to 2015. We used data envelopment analysis liner programming (DEA) to calculate the efficiency of banks then we used a panel regression analysis through the application of Eviews software to investigate the relationship between the efficiency of banks and capital adequacy ratios. Pre the financial crisis, results, concluded that, there is a significant positive relationship between the efficiency of banks and capital adequacy ratios, credit risk, profitability, bank size and the quality of management. Whilst a significant negative relationship with the liquidity. The efficiency of conventional banks outperformed the efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks with Islamic windows. The increase in capital follows an increase in the level of risk borne by banks and increases capital adequacy ratios which leads to a rise in the loan portfolio and therefore, increase the level of loans provisions, which confirms the high level of efficiency for banks. Capital increase provide an additional protection against any additional risks. Post the financial crisis, the efficiency of banks has been affected especially for conventional banks. The efficiency of conventional and conventional banks with Islamic windows shows a negative significant relationship with capital adequacy ratios. The efficiency of Islamic banks outperformed other banks and shows a positive significant relationship with capital adequacy ratios. Results revealed that the efficiency of banks determines the level of capital and risk borne by banks.