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Analysis of the Summer Sea Breeze Cooling Capacity on Coastal Cities Based on Computer Fluid Dynamics

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  • Shiyi Peng

    (School of Architectural Engineering, Tongling University, Tongling 244061, China)

  • Hironori Watanabe

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai 982-8577, Miyagi, Japan)

Abstract

Summer sea breezes provide cooling in coastal cities; however, their temporal cooling distribution and inland penetration distance remain inadequately studied. This study employed the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to analyze the sea breeze cooling capacity (SBCC) in detail. The results identified the distance from the coast, cooling timing, and proximity to inland rivers as key factors influencing the SBCC. The cooling range and intensity of sea breezes exhibited a temporal pattern, initially increasing and then decreasing, with the rate of increase significantly exceeding the decline. The maximum cooling range (277.44 km 2 ) and strongest cooling intensity (37,989.61 °C.h) occurred at 10:00. Between 11:00 and 14:00, the cooling effect remained stable over its longest inland distance (16.2 km). The SBCC intensified notably closer to the coastline. Furthermore, inland rivers significantly enhanced the cooling effect, with the sea breeze penetration distance correlating positively with the proximity to these rivers. A detailed analysis of the SBCC’s spatial extent and cooling distance provides a crucial basis for effectively mitigating urban heat in coastal cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Shiyi Peng & Hironori Watanabe, 2025. "Analysis of the Summer Sea Breeze Cooling Capacity on Coastal Cities Based on Computer Fluid Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:18:p:8506-:d:1755198
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    References listed on IDEAS

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