Barriers and Challenges Faced in the Deployment of Principles of the Circular Bioeconomy: Awareness, Knowledge and Practices Based on the Example of Polish Agriculture

The circular bioeconomy is the key tool for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Changes in agricultural production are crucial to its development. Farmers are not only responsible for biomass production but also account for approximately 13% of GHG emissions in the EU. This article addresses the following questions: (Q1) To what extent are farmers implementing the values and practices of the circular bioeconomy? (Q2) Are agricultural advisors promoting these values and practices? (Q3) What are the potential barriers preventing farmers from transitioning to a circular bioeconomy? The study was conducted among two groups. A CATI questionnaire survey was conducted with farmers, and in-depth interviews with agricultural advisors. Most farmers do not apply circular bioeconomy principles in their production practices. However, cluster analysis revealed variation: in addition to the disinterested mainstream group, a cluster of relatively affluent farmers was identified as more engaged in circular practices. The analysis of agricultural advisors’ attitudes revealed an insufficient level of engagement in promoting circular bioeconomy practices. It also indicated significant variation in the advisors’ values and attitudes, which may affect the type and quality of information they pass on to farmers. The study identified several barriers to the implementation of circular bioeconomy solutions, stemming from both farmers’ attitudes and institutional conditions.