IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i10p4703-d1660137.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Low-Carbon Optimal Operation Strategy of Multi-Energy Multi-Microgrid Electricity–Hydrogen Sharing Based on Asymmetric Nash Bargaining

Author

Listed:
  • Hang Wang

    (CHN Energy Investment Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China)

  • Qunli Wu

    (Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China)

  • Huiling Guo

    (Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China)

Abstract

The cooperative interconnection of multi-microgrid systems offers significant advantages in enhancing energy utilization efficiency and economic performance, providing innovative pathways for promoting sustainable development. To establish a fair energy trading mechanism for electricity–hydrogen sharing within multi-energy multi-microgrid (MEMG) systems, this study first analyzes the operational architecture of MEMG energy sharing and establishes a multi-energy coordinated single-microgrid model integrating electricity, heat, natural gas, and hydrogen. To achieve low-carbon operation, carbon capture systems (CCSs) and power-to-gas (P2G) units are incorporated into conventional combined heat and power (CHP) systems. Subsequently, an asymmetric Nash bargaining-based optimization framework is proposed to coordinate the MEMG network, which decomposes the problem into two subproblems: (1) minimizing the total operational cost of MEMG networks, and (2) maximizing payment benefits through fair benefit allocation. Notably, Subproblem 2 employs the energy trading volume of individual microgrids as bargaining power to ensure equitable profit distribution. The improved alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) is adopted for distributed problem-solving. Experimental results demonstrate that the cost of each MG decreased by 5894.14, 3672.44, and 2806.64 CNY, while the total cost of the MEMG network decreased by 12,431.22 CNY. Additionally, the carbon emission reduction ratios were 2.84%, 2.77%, and 5.51% for each MG and 11.12% for the MEMG network.

Suggested Citation

  • Hang Wang & Qunli Wu & Huiling Guo, 2025. "Low-Carbon Optimal Operation Strategy of Multi-Energy Multi-Microgrid Electricity–Hydrogen Sharing Based on Asymmetric Nash Bargaining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-31, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4703-:d:1660137
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/10/4703/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/10/4703/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lan, Liuhan & Zhang, Youzhong & Zhang, Xingping & Zhang, Xinyue, 2024. "Price effect of multi-energy system with CCS and P2G and its impact on carbon-gas-electricity sectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    2. Zheng, Weiye & Lu, Hao & Zhu, Jizhong, 2023. "Incentivizing cooperative electricity-heat operation: A distributed asymmetric Nash bargaining mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    3. Ruan, Hebin & Gao, Hongjun & Qiu, Haifeng & Gooi, Hoay Beng & Liu, Junyong, 2023. "Distributed operation optimization of active distribution network with P2P electricity trading in blockchain environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    4. Liu, Zhi-Feng & Zhao, Shi-Xiang & Luo, Xing-Fu & Huang, Ya-He & Gu, Rui-Zheng & Li, Ji-Xiang & Li, Ling-Ling, 2025. "Two-layer energy dispatching and collaborative optimization of regional integrated energy system considering stakeholders game and flexible load management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 379(C).
    5. Gao, Hongjun & Cai, Wenhui & He, Shuaijia & Jiang, Jun & Liu, Junyong, 2023. "Multi-energy sharing optimization for a building cluster towards net-zero energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    6. Zhang, Kaoshe & Gao, Congchong & Zhang, Gang & Xie, Tuo & Li, Hua, 2024. "Electricity and heat sharing strategy of regional comprehensive energy multi-microgrid based on double-layer game," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    7. Wu, Qiong & Xie, Zhun & Ren, Hongbo & Li, Qifen & Yang, Yongwen, 2022. "Optimal trading strategies for multi-energy microgrid cluster considering demand response under different trading modes: A comparison study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    8. Kang Qian & Tong Lv & Yue Yuan, 2021. "Integrated Energy System Planning Optimization Method and Case Analysis Based on Multiple Factors and A Three-Level Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, July.
    9. Ma, Yiming & Wang, Haixin & Hong, Feng & Yang, Junyou & Chen, Zhe & Cui, Haoqian & Feng, Jiawei, 2021. "Modeling and optimization of combined heat and power with power-to-gas and carbon capture system in integrated energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    10. Fang, Xiaolun & Dong, Wei & Wang, Yubin & Yang, Qiang, 2022. "Multiple time-scale energy management strategy for a hydrogen-based multi-energy microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    11. Zhong, Junjie & Cao, Yijia & Li, Yong & Tan, Yi & Peng, Yanjian & Cao, Lihua & Zeng, Zilong, 2021. "Distributed modeling considering uncertainties for robust operation of integrated energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Kaoshe & Gao, Congchong & Zhang, Gang & Xie, Tuo & Li, Hua, 2024. "Electricity and heat sharing strategy of regional comprehensive energy multi-microgrid based on double-layer game," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    2. Han, Fengwu & Zeng, Jianfeng & Lin, Junjie & Zhao, Yunlong & Gao, Chong, 2023. "A stochastic hierarchical optimization and revenue allocation approach for multi-regional integrated energy systems based on cooperative games," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    3. Wu, Biao & Zhang, Shaohua & Yuan, Chenxin & Wang, Xian & Wang, Fei & Zhang, Shengqi, 2024. "Cooperative energy and reserve trading strategies for multiple integrated energy systems based on asymmetric nash bargaining theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    4. Cao, Jinye & Yang, Dechang & Dehghanian, Payman, 2024. "Cooperative operation for multiple virtual power plants considering energy-carbon trading: A Nash bargaining model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    5. Wu, Qunli & Li, Chunxiang, 2023. "Modeling and operation optimization of hydrogen-based integrated energy system with refined power-to-gas and carbon-capture-storage technologies under carbon trading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    6. Fang, Xiaolun & Dong, Wei & Wang, Yubin & Yang, Qiang, 2024. "Multi-stage and multi-timescale optimal energy management for hydrogen-based integrated energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    7. Yin, Boyi & Zhu, Wenjiang & Tang, Cheng & Wang, Can & Xu, Xinhai, 2025. "Hierarchical optimal scheduling of IES considering SOFC degradation, internal and external uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
    8. Liu, Xinglei & Liu, Jun & Ren, Kezheng & Liu, Xiaoming & Liu, Jiacheng, 2022. "An integrated fuzzy multi-energy transaction evaluation approach for energy internet markets considering judgement credibility and variable rough precision," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    9. Wang, Dongxue & Fan, Ruguo & Yang, Peiwen & Du, Kang & Xu, Xiaoxia & Chen, Rongkai, 2024. "Research on floating real-time pricing strategy for microgrid operator in local energy market considering shared energy storage leasing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    10. Zhihan Shi & Weisong Han & Guangming Zhang & Zhiqing Bai & Mingxiang Zhu & Xiaodong Lv, 2022. "Research on Low-Carbon Energy Sharing through the Alliance of Integrated Energy Systems with Multiple Uncertainties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-20, December.
    11. Yi Zhang & Tian Lan & Wei Hu, 2023. "A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Microgrid Model Considering Carbon Trading and Demand Response," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-22, October.
    12. Shen, Yi & Zhai, Junyi & Kang, Zhongjian & Zhao, Bei & Gao, Xianhui & Li, Zhengmao, 2025. "Distributionally robust chance-constrained energy management for island DC microgrid with offshore wind power hydrogen production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    13. Wang, Tonghe & Hua, Haochen & Shi, Tianying & Wang, Rui & Sun, Yizhong & Naidoo, Pathmanathan, 2024. "A bi-level dispatch optimization of multi-microgrid considering green electricity consumption willingness under renewable portfolio standard policy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    14. Félix González & Paul Arévalo & Luis Ramirez, 2025. "Game Theory and Robust Predictive Control for Peer-to-Peer Energy Management: A Pathway to a Low-Carbon Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-23, February.
    15. Jia, Jiandong & Li, Haiqiao & Wu, Di & Guo, Jiacheng & Jiang, Leilei & Fan, Zeming, 2024. "Multi-objective optimization study of regional integrated energy systems coupled with renewable energy, energy storage, and inter-station energy sharing," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    16. Zhang, Xiao-Yan & Wang, Cenfeng & Xiao, Jiang-Wen & Wang, Yan-Wu, 2025. "A transactive energy cooperation scheduling for hydrogen-based community microgrid with refueling preferences of hydrogen vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PC).
    17. Min Pang & Yichang Zhang & Sha He & Qiong Li, 2023. "Influencing Factors and Their Influencing Mechanisms on Integrated Power and Gas System Coupling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-13, September.
    18. Anjie Lu & Jianguo Zhou & Minglei Qin & Danchen Liu, 2024. "Considering Carbon–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy Systems: A Pathway to Sustainable Energy Transition in China Under Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-32, October.
    19. Yang, Yuyan & Xu, Xiao & Pan, Li & Liu, Junyong & Liu, Jichun & Hu, Weihao, 2024. "Distributed prosumer trading in the electricity and carbon markets considering user utility," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    20. Shi, Mengshu & Huang, Yuansheng & Lin, Hongyu, 2023. "Research on power to hydrogen optimization and profit distribution of microgrid cluster considering shared hydrogen storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4703-:d:1660137. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.