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Drivers of Tree Canopy Loss in a Mid-Sized Growing City: Case Study in Portland, OR (USA)

Author

Listed:
  • YunJae Ock

    (Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA)

  • Vivek Shandas

    (Department of Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA)

  • Fernanda Ribeiro

    (Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA)

  • Noah Young

    (Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA)

Abstract

The benefits of the urban tree and tree canopy (UTC) are increasingly crucial in addressing urban sustainability. Yet, increasingly evident from earlier research is the distributional inequities of UTC and active efforts to expand tree plantings. Less is known about the dynamics of UTC loss over time and location. This study aims to understand the dynamics of UTC change, especially canopy loss, and to investigate the drivers of the loss. This study draws on a high–resolution dataset of an urban canopy in Portland, Oregon, USA, assessing changes in UTC from 2014 to 2020. By integrating demographic, biophysical, and policy data with UTC information, we use a spatial autoregressive model to identify the drivers of UTC loss. The results reveal an unexpected spatial distribution of UTC change: less gain in the neighborhoods with the least UTC, and greater loss in the neighborhoods with moderate UTC. This study identifies four primary drivers of UTC loss: socioeconomic characteristics, urban form, activities on trees, and residential status. Factors such as population density, race, and income have an impact on canopy loss, as well as the building footprint and the number of multifamily housing units; residential statuses, such as the proportion of owner-occupied housing and residential stability, impact canopy loss.

Suggested Citation

  • YunJae Ock & Vivek Shandas & Fernanda Ribeiro & Noah Young, 2024. "Drivers of Tree Canopy Loss in a Mid-Sized Growing City: Case Study in Portland, OR (USA)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:1803-:d:1343689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Kirsten Schwarz & Michail Fragkias & Christopher G Boone & Weiqi Zhou & Melissa McHale & J Morgan Grove & Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne & Joseph P McFadden & Geoffrey L Buckley & Dan Childers & Laura Ogden & S, 2015. "Trees Grow on Money: Urban Tree Canopy Cover and Environmental Justice," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Donovan, Geoffrey H. & Prestemon, Jeffrey P. & Butry, David T. & Kaminski, Abigail R. & Monleon, Vicente J., 2021. "The politics of urban trees: Tree planting is associated with gentrification in Portland, Oregon," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    4. Julie Brunner & Paul Cozens, 2013. "'Where Have All the Trees Gone?' Urban Consolidation and the Demise of Urban Vegetation: A Case Study from Western Australia," Planning Practice & Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(2), pages 231-255, April.
    5. Lorena Alves Carvalho Nascimento & Vivek Shandas, 2021. "Integrating Diverse Perspectives for Managing Neighborhood Trees and Urban Ecosystem Services in Portland, OR (US)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-22, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Quadri Olatunbosun Taiwo & Vivek Shandas, 2025. "Towards an Explicit Understanding of Network Governance in Urban Forestry Management: A Case Study of Portland (OR), USA," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-23, April.

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