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Prospects for Long-Distance Cascaded Liquid—Gaseous Hydrogen Delivery: An Economic and Environmental Assessment

Author

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  • Yaoyao Yu

    (School of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China)

  • Lixia Yu

    (Business School, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China)

  • Xiaoyuan Chen

    (School of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China)

  • Zhiying Zhang

    (School of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China)

  • Ke Qing

    (School of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China)

  • Boyang Shen

    (Maglev Transportation Engineering R&D Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
    Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK)

Abstract

As an important energy source to achieve carbon neutrality, green hydrogen has always faced the problems of high use cost and unsatisfactory environmental benefits due to its remote production areas. Therefore, a liquid-gaseous cascade green hydrogen delivery scheme is proposed in this article. In this scheme, green hydrogen is liquefied into high-density and low-pressure liquid hydrogen to enable the transport of large quantities of green hydrogen over long distances. After long-distance transport, the liquid hydrogen is stored and then gasified at transfer stations and converted into high-pressure hydrogen for distribution to the nearby hydrogen facilities in cities. In addition, this study conducted a detailed model evaluation of the scheme around the actual case of hydrogen energy demand in Chengdu City in China and compared it with conventional hydrogen delivery methods. The results show that the unit hydrogen cost of the liquid-gaseous cascade green hydrogen delivery scheme is only 51.58 CNY/kgH 2 , and the dynamic payback periods of long- and short-distance transportation stages are 13.61 years and 7.02 years, respectively. In terms of carbon emissions, this scheme only generates indirect carbon emissions of 2.98 kgCO 2 /kgH 2 without using utility electricity. In sum, both the economic and carbon emission analyses demonstrate the advantages of the liquid-gaseous cascade green hydrogen delivery scheme. With further reductions in electricity prices and liquefication costs, this scheme has the potential to provide an economically/environmentally superior solution for future large-scale green hydrogen applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Yaoyao Yu & Lixia Yu & Xiaoyuan Chen & Zhiying Zhang & Ke Qing & Boyang Shen, 2024. "Prospects for Long-Distance Cascaded Liquid—Gaseous Hydrogen Delivery: An Economic and Environmental Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:20:p:8839-:d:1497229
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yu, Shiwei & Wei, Yi-Ming & Guo, Haixiang & Ding, Liping, 2014. "Carbon emission coefficient measurement of the coal-to-power energy chain in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 290-300.
    2. Lei Yang & Shuning Wang & Zhihu Zhang & Kai Lin & Minggang Zheng, 2023. "Current Development Status, Policy Support and Promotion Path of China’s Green Hydrogen Industries under the Target of Carbon Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Kim, Ju-Hee & Han, Su-Mi & Yoo, Seung-Hoon, 2023. "Price premium for green hydrogen in South Korea: Evidence from a stated preference study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 647-655.
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