IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i19p8424-d1487473.html

Applying the Delphi Method to Assess Critical Success Factors of Digitalization While Sustaining Lean at a Lean Automaker

Author

Listed:
  • Hasan Oktay Goktas

    (Department of Computer Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey
    Department of Information Technology & Digital, Toyota Motor Europe-TK, Sakarya 54580, Turkey)

  • Nejat Yumusak

    (Department of Computer Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey)

Abstract

This paper describes the critical success factors for digitalization in manufacturing within the framework of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 while sustaining Lean and Lean-reinforcement links during this transformation within the actual transformation journey of an enterprise (Toyota Motor Europe). In this regard, 11 critical success factors for “digital transformation”, 9 critical success factors for “Lean sustainability”, and 12 reinforcement links (between Lean and digitalization) were identified from the published literature and 56 one-on-one discussions with Toyota Production System experts. Both Lean and digitalization frameworks were developed using the ontology method. Then, a survey with these experts was conducted, in which the Delphi method was used as a survey tool for an analysis, which was performed in three steps: an analysis of psychometric properties was conducted, a stability analysis of the Delphi method was performed, and the significance of non-consensus hypotheses of the results were examined. The results show that “top management commitment” is the most critical factor for digital transformations, whereas for Lean sustainability, it is “keep Genchi Genbutsu (go and see)”. It was found that digitalization impacts Lean very positively (high/strong or high) for a majority of the links and lean on the positive side for the remaining links. These findings can help manufacturing firms make informed decisions regarding minimal waste, lead times, and the right strategy for digitalization.

Suggested Citation

  • Hasan Oktay Goktas & Nejat Yumusak, 2024. "Applying the Delphi Method to Assess Critical Success Factors of Digitalization While Sustaining Lean at a Lean Automaker," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-28, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:19:p:8424-:d:1487473
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/19/8424/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/19/8424/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Inaki Maulida Hakim & Moses Laksono Singgih & I Ketut Gunarta, 2023. "Critical Success Factors for Internet of Things (IoT) Implementation in Automotive Companies, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Jeffrey H. Dyer & Kentaro Nobeoka, 2000. "Creating and managing a high‐performance knowledge‐sharing network: the Toyota case," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(3), pages 345-367, March.
    3. Bullen, Christine V. & Rockart, John F., 1981. "A primer on critical success factors," Working papers 1220-81. Report (Alfred P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cevdet Emin Ekinci & Belkis Elyigit, 2025. "A New Method in Certification of Buildings: BCA Method and a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Paula Tavares de Carvalho & José Dias Lopes & Ricardo Jorge Raimundo, 2025. "Innovation Impact in the Textile Industry: From the Toyota Production System to Artificial Intelligence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-17, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carolina Rojas-Córdova & Amanda J. Williamson & Julio A. Pertuze & Gustavo Calvo, 2023. "Why one strategy does not fit all: a systematic review on exploration–exploitation in different organizational archetypes," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(7), pages 2251-2295, October.
    2. Rockart, John F. (John Fralick), 1982. "The changing role of the information systems executive : a critical success factors perspective," Working papers 1297-82. Report (Alfred P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management.
    3. Shenglan Huang & Zhi Chen, 2017. "The Effects of Social Capital on Innovation Performance: From Complex Adaptive System Perspective," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(3), pages 191-191, February.
    4. Shahid Qureshi & Sarfraz Mian, 2021. "Transfer of entrepreneurship education best practices from business schools to engineering and technology institutions: evidence from Pakistan," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 366-392, April.
    5. von den Driesch, Till & Eva Susanne da Costa, Maika & Christina Flatten, Tessa & Brettel, Malte, 2015. "How CEO experience, personality, and network affect firms' dynamic capabilities," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 245-256.
    6. Jianghua Zhou & Rui Wu & Jizhen Li, 2019. "More ties the merrier? Different social ties and firm innovation performance," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 445-471, June.
    7. Hock-Doepgen, Marianne & Clauss, Thomas & Kraus, Sascha & Cheng, Cheng-Feng, 2021. "Knowledge management capabilities and organizational risk-taking for business model innovation in SMEs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 683-697.
    8. Richard Cooney & Michael Long, 2014. "Market coordination and training networks in Australia," Economic and Industrial Democracy, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden, vol. 35(4), pages 609-627, November.
    9. María José Ruiz-Ortega & Gloria Parra-Requena & Pedro Manuel García-Villaverde, 2016. "Do Territorial Agglomerations Still Provide Competitive Advantages? A Study of Social Capital, Innovation, and Knowledge," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 39(3), pages 259-290, July.
    10. Turkina, Ekaterina & Van Assche, Ari & Mudambi, Ram, 2025. "Cross-border innovation for global value chain orchestration," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(4).
    11. Zhang-Zhang, YingYing & Rohlfer, Sylvia & Varma, Arup, 2022. "Strategic people management in contemporary highly dynamic VUCA contexts: A knowledge worker perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 587-598.
    12. Philippus Lodewikus Wessels, 2009. "A Critical Learning Outcome Approach in Designing, Delivering and Assessing the IT Knowledge Syllabus," Accounting Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(5), pages 439-456.
    13. Tieng Kimseng & Amna Javed & Chawalit Jeenanunta & Youji Kohda, 2020. "Sustaining Innovation through Joining Global Supply Chain Networks: The Case of Manufacturing Firms in Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-17, June.
    14. Bernadette Brown-Webb & Azwihangwisi E. Nesamvuni & Melanie de Bruyn & Johan A. van Niekerk & Parsuramen Pillay, 2022. "Assessing the Critical Success Factors for Aquaculture Enterprise Development in South Africa," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 29(1), pages 438-457, March.
    15. Pinar Ozcan & Douglas Hannah, 2020. "Social Origins of Great Strategies Advertising Suppliers to Realize Disruptive Social Media Technology," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 5(3), pages 193-217, September.
    16. Lee, Raehyung & Hong, Jinki & Lee, Duk Hee & Ohm, Jay Y., 2025. "Influence of exclusive subcontracting on technological innovation: The case of Korean SMEs," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    17. Mariia Shkolnykova & Muhamed Kudic, 2022. "Who benefits from SMEs’ radical innovations?—empirical evidence from German biotechnology," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 1157-1185, February.
    18. Morgan, Tyler R. & Roath, Anthony S. & Glenn Richey, Robert, 2023. "How risk, transparency, and knowledge influence the adaptability and flexibility dimensions of the responsiveness view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    19. Kauffman, Marcos Eduardo & Soares, Marcelo Negri & Long, Tengfei & Harris, Lara & Cugula, Jarbas Rodrigues Gomes & Mazato, Welington Junior Jorge & Zhang, Kathy, 2026. "Enhancing intellectual property identification and valuation in manufacturing through digital twins," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    20. Yu Gong & Xiaojiang Xu & Changping Zhao & Tobias Schoenherr, 2024. "Multi-Tier Supply Chain Learning Networks: A Simulation Study Based on the Experience-Weighted Attraction (EWA) Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-25, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:19:p:8424-:d:1487473. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.