Ecosystem Functions in Urban Stormwater Management Ponds: A Scoping Review

Stormwater management ponds (SWMPs) are an important tool for sustainable urban stormwater management, controlling the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff in cities. Beyond their engineering purpose, SWMPs may hold ecological value that is often overlooked. This is especially the case for the array of geochemical, physical, and biological processes (i.e., ecosystem functions) in SWMPs. Here, we performed a scoping review of ecosystem function in SWMPs to summarize current knowledge and identify research needs. We searched peer-reviewed papers using the Web of Science database. Papers that did not report specifically on SWMPs, did not discuss ecosystem function, or were solely based on ecotoxicological tests were excluded from further assessment. For the remaining papers, information on year of publication, scope, and key findings was extracted. We found that a total of 55 papers on ecosystem function in SWMPs have been published since 1996. Our review identified important areas for advancing knowledge about nutrient dynamics, contaminants processing, sedimentation, temperature, habitat provisioning, and biodiversity in SWMPs. Overall, we identified a need to further understand how factors related to pond design and landscape and management practices influence ecosystem function. There is also a need to understand the effect of climate change on ecosystem function and to examine the interactions between ecosystem function and humans. Such information will not only provide opportunities for researchers to better understand ecological value, but also facilitate more effective sustainable management of SWMPs.