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Carbon Emission Accounting and Reduction for Buildings Based on a Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in China’s Hot-Summer and Warm-Winter Region

Author

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  • Wanying Wang

    (School of Management, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Huaqing College, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710043, China)

  • Luyan Li

    (School of Civil Engineering, Huaqing College, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710043, China)

  • Victor Shi

    (Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada)

  • Shervin Espahbod

    (Shannon School of Business, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS B1M 1A2, Canada)

Abstract

At the 75th United Nations General Assembly, China committed to peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. In response, the national standard “General Specification for Building Energy Conservation and Utilization of Renewable Energy” has been adopted across 20 provinces and cities in seven major regions, including North China, Northeast China, and South China. These regions have implemented stringent energy-saving and emission reduction reviews and quota requirements. Despite this, there is limited research on comprehensive life cycle carbon emission calculations and carbon reduction designs. This study addresses this gap by focusing on economically developed regions with high population density and substantial energy-saving potential, specifically targeting the warm winter and hot summer regions of China. Using a commercial building in Shenzhen as a case study, we established a carbon emission accounting model based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. We calculated carbon emissions during the material phase using the project’s bill of quantities and relevant carbon emission factors. Additionally, we used the CEEB 2023 software to design energy-saving and emission reduction solutions for the building. Our comparative analysis reveals that the new design reduces the carbon emissions of the case study building by 13.5%. This reduction not only mitigates the environmental impact of construction but also contributes to the fight against the greenhouse effect, supporting the broader goal of sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Wanying Wang & Luyan Li & Victor Shi & Shervin Espahbod, 2024. "Carbon Emission Accounting and Reduction for Buildings Based on a Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in China’s Hot-Summer and Warm-Winter Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:14:p:5842-:d:1431599
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huanyu Wu & Wenwen Zhou & Kunyang Chen & Lianxiang Zhang & Zicheng Zhang & Yanqiu Li & Zhijun Hu, 2023. "Carbon Emissions Assessment for Building Decoration Based on Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study of Office Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Maryam Keyhani & Atefeh Abbaspour & Ali Bahadori-Jahromi & Anastasia Mylona & Alan Janbey & Paulina Godfrey & Hexin Zhang, 2023. "Whole Life Carbon Assessment of a Typical UK Residential Building Using Different Embodied Carbon Data Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Guo, Qingbin & Wang, Yong & Dong, Xiaobin, 2022. "Effects of smart city construction on energy saving and CO2 emission reduction: Evidence from China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
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    1. S. Ray & A. M. Ali & Temur Eshchanov & Egambergan Khudoynazarov, 2025. "Optimal Energy Management of the Smart Microgrid Considering Uncertainty of Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response Programs," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 1-24, June.
    2. M. Mohammedi & Majid Naseri & Kamilia Mehrabi Jorshary & Navid Golchin & Shokhjakhon Akhmedov & Valisher Sapayev Odilbek Uglu, 2025. "Economic, Environmental, and Technical Optimal Energy Scheduling of Smart Hybrid Energy System Considering Demand Response Participation," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, June.
    3. T. X. Du & Kamilia Mehrabi Jorshary & Mirali Seyedrezaei & Valisher Sapayev Odilbek Uglu, 2025. "Optimal Energy Scheduling of Load Demand with Two-Level Multi-objective Functions in Smart Electrical Grid," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 1-23, June.
    4. R. M. Romero & Maria Zelinskaya & Samariddin Makhmudov & Sindor Sapaev & Jabbarov Umarbek Rustambekovich, 2025. "Modelling and Optimal Utilisation of the Renewable Energy Systems in Microgrid with Improving Reliability and Energy Efficiency," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 1-20, September.

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