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Protective Relaying Coordination in Power Systems Comprising Renewable Sources: Challenges and Future Insights

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  • Ahmed M. Agwa

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia)

  • Attia A. El-Fergany

    (Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt)

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive review of optimal relay coordination (ORC) in distribution networks (DNs) that include distributed generators (DGs). The integration of DGs into DNs has become a real challenge for power system protection, as the power flow changes from unidirectional to bidirectional, which complicates the relay settings. The introduction of DGs in DNs requires changes and modifications in the protective schemes to maintain proper operation, reliability, stability, and security of the system. This paper focuses on the impacts of DGs penetration into DNs, including the effects on protective scheme coordination. Various expressions for characterizing the overcurrent (OC) coordination problem, as well as related solution attempts, are discussed. Several optimization strategies and techniques are suggested by scientists to deal with coordination optimization problems aiming to achieve less computation time and better accuracy. All these efforts ultimately aim to define optimal relay settings to achieve ORC by generating the optimal setting of cascading relative OC relays. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of the contributions of scholars in recent publications in this field, with more than 210 articles reviewed and analyzed. It is a valuable resource for other researchers in the same field who aim to tackle ORC problems in their future endeavors.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed M. Agwa & Attia A. El-Fergany, 2023. "Protective Relaying Coordination in Power Systems Comprising Renewable Sources: Challenges and Future Insights," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7279-:d:1134511
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Hossein Karimkhan Zand & Kazem Mazlumi & Amir Bagheri & Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki, 2023. "Optimal Protection Scheme for Enhancing AC Microgrids Stability against Cascading Outages by Utilizing Events Scale Reduction Technique and Fuzzy Zero-Violation Clustering Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-27, November.
    2. Eduardo Marcelo Seguin Batadi & Maximiliano Martínez & Marcelo Gustavo Molina, 2024. "Bayesian Entropy Methodology: A Novel Approach to Setting Anti-Islanding Protections with Enhanced Stability and Sensibility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-26, January.

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