IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i8p6577-d1122363.html

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Different Ecosystems of Iran and Its Relationship with Agricultural Droughts

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Kamangar

    (Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 917794883, Iran
    Geographic Information Science/System and Remote Sensing Laboratory (GISSRS: Lab), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 917794883, Iran)

  • Ozgur Kisi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
    Department of Civil Engineering, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia)

  • Masoud Minaei

    (Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 917794883, Iran
    Geographic Information Science/System and Remote Sensing Laboratory (GISSRS: Lab), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 917794883, Iran)

Abstract

The increase in environmental and human-related changes (e.g., increase in the carbon cycle flux of plants) has increased the dynamism of ecosystems. Examining fluctuations in net primary production (NPP) is very important in adopting correct strategies for ecosystem management. The current study explores the spatiotemporal variations in NPP and its association with agricultural droughts in Iran’s ecosystems over 20 years (2000–2020). Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope methods in each pixel were used to track changes in trends. Drought upsets the terrestrial carbon cycle balance. In this study, Vegetation Health Index (VHI) used to assess drought that extracted from different bands of images satellite. Then, the relationship between NPP rates and agricultural droughts was investigated through running Pearson correlation. The results demonstrated that Iran’s annual share of carbon sequestration is 1.38 kg*C/m 2 /year. The highest carbon sequestration rate was recorded in Caspian Hyrcanian forests. In contrast, the lowest rate was observed in the Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands in southwestern Iran. Moreover, the highest photosynthesis variations were recorded in Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands and Tigris–Euphrates alluvial salt marsh, while the lowest changes were registered in Badghyz and Karabil. In total, 34.2% of the studied pixels showed a statistically significant rising or falling trend. Sen’s slope estimator demonstrated that the sharpest negative trend in carbon sequestration belonged to Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests (−12.24 g*C/m 2 /year), while the sharpest positive trend was observed in Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe (12.29 g*C/m 2 /year). The results of the Pearson correlation revealed significant correlations between NPP and VHI in different ecosystems with coefficients ranging from −0.93 to 0.95. The largest area with a positive correlation (33.97%) belonged to the Zagros Mountains forest steppe. Identification of areas with the greatest carbon sequestration changes could result in prioritizing varied ecosystems management for carbon sequestering. It can be also utilized in environmental planning such as scaling up ecosystem values or estimating current and past ecological capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Kamangar & Ozgur Kisi & Masoud Minaei, 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Different Ecosystems of Iran and Its Relationship with Agricultural Droughts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6577-:d:1122363
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/8/6577/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/8/6577/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kaveh Madani, 2014. "Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis?," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 4(4), pages 315-328, December.
    2. Fengjin Xiao & Qiufeng Liu & Yuqing Xu, 2022. "Estimation of Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity in the Yellow River Basin of China Using Light Use Efficiency Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, June.
    3. W. Kolby Smith & Sasha C. Reed & Cory C. Cleveland & Ashley P. Ballantyne & William R. L. Anderegg & William R. Wieder & Yi Y. Liu & Steven W. Running, 2016. "Large divergence of satellite and Earth system model estimates of global terrestrial CO2 fertilization," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(3), pages 306-310, March.
    4. Wu, Jianghua & Roulet, Nigel T. & Moore, Tim R. & Lafleur, Peter & Humphreys, Elyn, 2011. "Dealing with microtopography of an ombrotrophic bog for simulating ecosystem-level CO2 exchanges," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(4), pages 1038-1047.
    5. Amit Kumar & Arti Bhatia & Vinay Kumar Sehgal & Ritu Tomer & Niveta Jain & Himanshu Pathak, 2021. "Net Ecosystem Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Rice-Spring Wheat System of Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-19, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nouri, Milad & Veysi, Shadman, 2024. "CMIP6 multi-model ensemble projection of reference evapotranspiration using machine learning algorithms," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nazemi, Neda & Foley, Rider W. & Louis, Garrick & Keeler, Lauren Withycombe, 2020. "Divergent agricultural water governance scenarios: The case of Zayanderud basin, Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    2. Forough Jafary & Chris Bradley, 2018. "Groundwater Irrigation Management and the Existing Challenges from the Farmers’ Perspective in Central Iran," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-21, January.
    3. Momeni, Marzieh & Zakeri, Zahra & Esfandiari, Mojtaba & Behzadian, Kourosh & Zahedi, Sina & Razavi, Vahid, 2019. "Comparative analysis of agricultural water pricing between Azarbaijan Provinces in Iran and the state of California in the US: A hydro-economic approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Abdol Rassoul Zarei & Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, 2025. "Spatial and temporal assessment and forecasting vulnerability to meteorological drought," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(11), pages 26375-26398, November.
    5. Alireza Taghdisian & Sandra G. F. Bukkens & Mario Giampietro, 2022. "A Societal Metabolism Approach to Effectively Analyze the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in an Agricultural Transboundary River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-25, July.
    6. Zhihua Liu & John S. Kimball & Ashley P. Ballantyne & Nicholas C. Parazoo & Wen J. Wang & Ana Bastos & Nima Madani & Susan M. Natali & Jennifer D. Watts & Brendan M. Rogers & Philippe Ciais & Kailiang, 2022. "Respiratory loss during late-growing season determines the net carbon dioxide sink in northern permafrost regions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Huang, Suo & Bartlett, Paul & Arain, M. Altaf, 2016. "An analysis of global terrestrial carbon, water and energy dynamics using the carbon–nitrogen coupled CLASS-CTEMN+ model," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 336(C), pages 36-56.
    8. Shiva Noori & Gijsbert Korevaar & Andrea Ramirez Ramirez, 2020. "Institutional Lens upon Industrial Symbiosis Dynamics: The case of Persian Gulf Mining and Metal Industries Special Economic Zone," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-20, July.
    9. Mahmoudi, Saleh & Abdoli, Asghar, 2025. "A comparative analysis of univariate and multivariate spatial requirements modeling for habitat selection in freshwater fish: A case study of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus in the Jajroud River, Iran and implications for conservation and management," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 504(C).
    10. Rouzaneh, Davoud & Yazdanpanah, Masoud & Jahromi, Arman Bakhshi, 2021. "Evaluating micro-irrigation system performance through assessment of farmers' satisfaction: implications for adoption, longevity, and water use efficiency," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    11. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Mehdi Feizi & Hassan F. Gholipour, 2019. "Drought and Property Prices: Empirical Evidence from Iran," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201916, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    12. Ery Jayanti & Yusri Hazmi & Halik & B.S Nazamuddin & Teuku Zulkarnain, 2020. "Correlation of Income Per-Capita, Secondary and Tertiary Education, and Environmental School Quantity to Achieve Clean Water Access in the Sustainable Development Goals," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(4), pages 888-903.
    13. Hadi Alizadeh & Abolfazl Meshkini, 2025. "On the road to urban sustainability: identifying major barriers to urban sustainability in Iran," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), vol. 45(2), pages 351-376, June.
    14. Shuai Ren & Tao Wang & Bertrand Guenet & Dan Liu & Yingfang Cao & Jinzhi Ding & Pete Smith & Shilong Piao, 2024. "Projected soil carbon loss with warming in constrained Earth system models," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Zefeng Chen & Weiguang Wang & Giovanni Forzieri & Alessandro Cescatti, 2024. "Transition from positive to negative indirect CO2 effects on the vegetation carbon uptake," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    16. Saleh, Mohammad & Salehi, Mobin & Khanaki, Shayan & Ebrahimian, Hamed & Liaghat, Abdolmajid & Mousavi, Seyed Majid & Pashapour, Salar & Ashrafi, Ali, 2025. "Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on soil properties, nutrient uptakes, and crop yields of agronomic crops under different crop rotations," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    17. Jiawei Zhou & Xiaohong Chen & Chuang Xu & Pan Wu, 2022. "Assessing Socioeconomic Drought Based on a Standardized Supply and Demand Water Index," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(6), pages 1937-1953, April.
    18. Ghulam Nabi Dahri & Tehmina Mangan & Ghulam Mustafa Nangraj & Basit Ali Talpu & Imran Ali Jarwar & Mehrunisa Sial & Abdul Nasir Nangraj & Mr. Aamir, 2021. "Socio-economic Impact and Migration Due to Water Shortage in District Badin Sindh Province of Pakistan," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 3(1), pages 01-11.
    19. Shahla Dehghanpir & Ommolbanin Bazrafshan & Hadi Ramezani Etedali & Arashk Holisaz & Brian Collins, 2024. "Water scarcity assessment in Iran’s agricultural sector using the water footprint concept," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(11), pages 28995-29020, November.
    20. Samaneh Ashraf & Amir AghaKouchak & Ali Nazemi & Ali Mirchi & Mojtaba Sadegh & Hamed R. Moftakhari & Elmira Hassanzadeh & Chi-Yuan Miao & Kaveh Madani & Mohammad Mousavi Baygi & Hassan Anjileli & Davo, 2019. "Compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes on surface water availability in Iran," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 152(3), pages 379-391, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6577-:d:1122363. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.